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C",{"salinity":9,"difficulty":79,"diet":80,"temperament":81,"socialBehavior":82,"swimmingLayer":83,"minimumTankL":84,"temperatureMinC":75,"temperatureMaxC":85,"phMin":69,"phMax":86,"ghMinD":87,"ghMaxD":88,"khMinD":68,"khMaxD":68,"minimumGroupSize":89,"feedingNotes":90,"compatibilityNotes":91,"careNotes":92},"MODERATE","OMNIVORE","PEACEFUL","GROUP","MIDDLE","500.00","29.00","7.50","0.00","5.00","5","杂食性。可投喂合适的颗粒或薄片饲料，辅以冻饵和活饵。","领域意识较强。","饲养难度中等。性情温和，可群养，中层活动。淡水魟鱼，需大型鱼缸和细沙底床，尾刺有毒",{"maxLengthCm":94,"averageLengthCm":95,"lifespanMinYears":72,"lifespanMaxYears":96,"bodyShape":97,"coloration":98,"distinguishingFeatures":99,"sexualDimorphism":100},"111.00","60.00","12.00","扁平圆盘形鱼体，尾部细长有刺","体色多样，有斑点或网纹图案","利氏江魟的主要识别特征与其所属科属的典型特征一致。扁平圆盘形鱼体，尾部细长有刺，体色多样，有斑点或网纹图案。","雌雄通常在体型、体色或鳍形上有差异，具体因种类而异。雄鱼一般体色更鲜艳、体型更修长。",{"reproductionMode":102,"breedingDifficulty":103,"spawningType":104,"breedingSeason":105,"incubationDaysMin":106,"incubationDaysMax":107,"clutchSizeMin":108,"clutchSizeMax":109,"parentalCare":110,"breedingNotes":111},"EGG_LAYER","EXPERT","卵胎生\u002F卵鞘","暖季","90","360","2","40","无护幼","繁殖方式：卵生。卵胎生，雌鱼直接产下幼魟",{"plantNotes":68},{"setupNotes":114,"waterChangeNotes":115,"densityNotes":116,"acclimationNotes":117,"feedingSummary":90,"commonMistakes":118,"completeness":119,"status":120},"缸体不少于 500 升，完成硝化循环并布置遮蔽与游动空间；水温 22–28℃、pH 6.5–7.5，按成体体型预留活动区并加盖防跳。","每周换水约四分之一至三分之一，新水除氯、等温；海水鱼还需匹配盐度，换水前先测氨和亚硝酸盐。","根据成体体型、领地性和过滤能力控制密度；出现持续追咬时分缸。","新个体先隔离观察，再缓慢对温、对水；入缸初期减光并观察呼吸、摄食和体表。","① 新缸未完成循环就入鱼；② 一次加入过多生物；③ 忽略成体体型与领地性；④ 过量投喂；⑤ 未隔离新鱼。","100","DRAFT",[122,138,156,174,192],{"id":123,"type":124,"title":125,"sortOrder":126,"payload":127},2685,"TIMELINE","入缸节奏",10,[128,130,132,135],{"phase":129,"content":114},"入缸前",{"phase":131,"content":117},"入缸\u002F种植",{"phase":133,"content":134},"第 1–2 周","每日观察摄食、活动、呼吸和体表；异常个体及时隔离。",{"phase":136,"content":137},"稳定后","维持水温 22–28℃、pH 6.5–7.5，固定换水和维护节奏，不追求参数快速变化。",{"id":139,"type":140,"title":141,"sortOrder":142,"payload":143},2686,"CHECKLIST","养好清单",20,[144,146,148,149,151,154],{"item":145,"must":15},"入缸前确认氨和亚硝酸盐为 0",{"item":147,"must":15},"水温维持 22–28℃、pH 维持 6.5–7.5",{"item":115,"must":15},{"item":150,"must":15},"按体型、食性和摄食速度控制投喂",{"item":152,"must":153},"观察同类追逐和混养压制，必要时分缸",false,{"item":155,"must":153},"新生物先隔离观察，不盲目用药",{"id":157,"type":158,"title":159,"sortOrder":160,"payload":161},2687,"FAQ","常见问题",30,[162,165,168,171],{"a":163,"q":164},"短期应激较常见，但若伴随急促呼吸、失衡或持续拒食，应立即检测氨、亚硝酸盐、温度、pH及海水盐度。","利氏江魟入缸后躲藏或不吃食正常吗？",{"a":166,"q":167},"避免与体型悬殊、会捕食、咬鳍或长期抢食的对象混养。","利氏江魟可以混养吗？",{"a":169,"q":170},"通常少量 1–2 次，以短时间吃完为准；不同食性和活动节律应调整，残饵必须及时清理。","一天喂几次合适？",{"a":172,"q":173},"持续浮头、急促呼吸、缩鳍、失去平衡、异常爬缸或集体拒食，都是应立即测试水质的信号。","怎样判断水质有问题？",{"id":175,"type":176,"title":177,"sortOrder":178,"payload":179},2688,"DISEASE","常见问题与防治",40,[180,184,188],{"name":181,"action":182,"trigger":183},"入缸应激与拒食","先隔离观察并检测水质，保持溶氧；纠正参数时要缓慢，避免反复折腾。","温度、pH或盐度变化过快",{"name":185,"action":186,"trigger":187},"体表异常或擦缸","隔离患病个体，记录症状并确认病因；药物仅按确诊结果和产品说明使用。","新个体带入病原、外伤或水质刺激",{"name":189,"action":190,"trigger":191},"鳍部损伤或继发感染","优先改善水质、减少争斗并提供躲避；严重或持续恶化时咨询专业水生动物医疗人员。","追咬、擦伤或长期水质不良",{"id":193,"type":194,"title":195,"sortOrder":196,"payload":197},2689,"WARNING","混养与风险提醒",50,[198,202,205],{"text":199,"level":200,"reason":201},"不要在未完成硝化循环的新缸中直接入缸","BAD","氨和亚硝酸盐可在短时间内造成中毒。",{"text":203,"level":200,"reason":204},"不要未确诊就混用药物","错误叠加用药可能掩盖病因并造成二次伤害。",{"text":206,"level":207,"reason":208},"避免与体型悬殊或攻击性不匹配的物种混养","CAUTION","捕食、持续追咬和抢食会造成慢性应激。",[],{},100,[213,221],{"id":214,"mediaType":215,"usageType":216,"title":6,"caption":68,"remoteUrl":217,"localPath":218,"mimeType":219,"copyrightHolder":68,"licenseNote":68,"sortOrder":220,"sourceId":23},4571,"IMAGE","PRIMARY","https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.aquaml.com\u002Fcore\u002Fcreatures\u002FPotamotrygonidae\u002FPotamotrygon_leopoldi\u002Fdiscern.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F14\u002F8-discern.jpg","image\u002Fjpeg",0,{"id":222,"mediaType":215,"usageType":223,"title":224,"caption":225,"remoteUrl":226,"localPath":227,"mimeType":219,"copyrightHolder":228,"licenseNote":229,"sortOrder":230,"sourceId":231},4572,"OTHER","利氏江魟（Potamotrygon leopoldi）","由 INATURALIST 学名匹配抓取；记录：https:\u002F\u002Fwww.inaturalist.org\u002Fobservations\u002F401996275","https:\u002F\u002Finaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fphotos\u002F737909970\u002Flarge.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F14\u002FAQSP000014_c8eff99eed.jpg","josephanimalaccount","cc-by-nc",99,35,{},[234,258,281,303,324],{"id":235,"speciesCode":236,"canonicalNameZh":237,"scientificName":238,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":239,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":240,"thumbnailUrl":241,"temperatureRange":242,"phRange":243,"sizeRange":244,"careDifficulty":79,"plantPlacement":68,"diet":245,"temperament":246,"feedingNotes":247,"aliases":248,"minimumTankL":255,"ghRange":256,"khRange":68,"lifespanRange":68,"priceRange":68,"priceUnit":68,"dataCompleteness":211,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":68,"co2Requirement":68,"growthRate":68,"verificationTags":257,"lastVerifiedAt":23,"lastVerifierName":68,"verificationCount":220,"hasRefetchTag":153},2896,"AQSP002316","七星魟","Potamotrygon falkneri",10422,"南美淡水魟鱼，原产于巴拉那河、巴拉圭河等水系（巴西、阿根廷、巴拉圭等），体盘可达60 cm，背部具7个大型深色斑点（商品名“七星”来源），尾刺有毒。底栖肉食性，捕食小鱼虾，需600 L以上大缸，不可与小型鱼混养。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2811\u002FAQSP002316_68706327b0.jpg","20.00-28.00 C","6.00-7.80","45.00-60.00 cm","CARNIVORE","PREDATORY","肉食性，提供小鱼、虾、蚯蚓、冷冻红虫等；可训练接受沉底颗粒或自制肉食饲料。每日1次，量以5分钟内吃完为准，避免过量污染水质。",[249,250,251,252,253,254],"七星珍珠魟","南美淡水珍珠魟","大点河魟","巴拉圭淡水魟","金点淡水魟","金点魟","600.00","2.00-18.00",[],{"id":259,"speciesCode":260,"canonicalNameZh":261,"scientificName":262,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":263,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":264,"thumbnailUrl":265,"temperatureRange":266,"phRange":267,"sizeRange":268,"careDifficulty":269,"plantPlacement":68,"diet":245,"temperament":246,"feedingNotes":270,"aliases":271,"minimumTankL":255,"ghRange":278,"khRange":68,"lifespanRange":68,"priceRange":68,"priceUnit":68,"dataCompleteness":279,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":68,"co2Requirement":68,"growthRate":68,"verificationTags":280,"lastVerifiedAt":23,"lastVerifierName":68,"verificationCount":220,"hasRefetchTag":153},2897,"AQSP002317","泰托魟","Potamotrygon henlei",10423,"泰托魟（Potamotrygon henlei）原产于巴西托坎廷斯河流域，是南美热带淡水软骨鱼，最大体盘可达45cm，体背黑底浅色圆点或虫纹。属底栖肉食性，尾基部有毒刺，饲养需600L以上大缸与稳定水质，不适合新手，也不可与小型鱼混养。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2812\u002FAQSP002317_9b79b88717.jpg","23.00-28.00 C","5.80-7.20","33.75-45.00 cm","HARD","肉食性，幼鱼可喂红虫、丝蚯蚓、碎虾肉，成鱼可喂鱼肉、虾、贝类，也可驯食沉底颗粒或冷冻饵；每日1次或隔日投喂，以几分钟内吃完为准。",[272,273,274,275,276,277],"亨利魟","大齿河魟","泰托河魟","黑帝王魟","黑白珍珠魟","黑白魟","4.00-15.00",95,[],{"id":282,"speciesCode":283,"canonicalNameZh":284,"scientificName":285,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":286,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":287,"thumbnailUrl":288,"temperatureRange":289,"phRange":290,"sizeRange":291,"careDifficulty":269,"plantPlacement":68,"diet":245,"temperament":246,"feedingNotes":292,"aliases":293,"minimumTankL":299,"ghRange":300,"khRange":68,"lifespanRange":301,"priceRange":68,"priceUnit":68,"dataCompleteness":211,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":68,"co2Requirement":68,"growthRate":68,"verificationTags":302,"lastVerifiedAt":23,"lastVerifierName":68,"verificationCount":220,"hasRefetchTag":153},2898,"AQSP002318","贾布蒂魟","Potamotrygon jabuti",10424,"原产于巴西托坎廷斯河流域的淡水魟，体盘具龟壳状斑纹，尾刺有毒。底栖性，掠食小鱼和底栖无脊椎动物，需超大缸和成熟过滤，饲养难度高，不宜与小型鱼混养。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2813\u002FAQSP002318_d0e602ca37.jpg","24.00-28.00 C","6.00-7.50","30.00-45.00 cm","肉食性，需提供高蛋白饵料，如虾肉、鱼肉、蚯蚓、冷冻红虫等，也可训练接受沉底颗粒，但不应以植物性食物为主。",[294,295,296,297,298],"Jabuti 珍珠魟","巴西龟纹魟","托坎廷斯魟","贾布蒂珍珠魟","龟纹魟","400.00","2.00-12.00","10.00-15.00",[],{"id":304,"speciesCode":305,"canonicalNameZh":306,"scientificName":307,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":308,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":309,"thumbnailUrl":310,"temperatureRange":311,"phRange":312,"sizeRange":313,"careDifficulty":79,"plantPlacement":68,"diet":245,"temperament":246,"feedingNotes":314,"aliases":315,"minimumTankL":322,"ghRange":256,"khRange":68,"lifespanRange":68,"priceRange":68,"priceUnit":68,"dataCompleteness":211,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":68,"co2Requirement":68,"growthRate":68,"verificationTags":323,"lastVerifiedAt":23,"lastVerifierName":68,"verificationCount":220,"hasRefetchTag":153},2899,"AQSP002319","圆点魟","Potamotrygon orbignyi",10425,"圆点魟（Potamotrygon orbignyi）是南美广泛分布的淡水魟鱼，体盘最大约35cm，带有圆形深色斑点。其尾刺有毒、肉食性底栖，饲养需300L以上大缸和细沙底床，不能与小型鱼混养。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2814\u002FAQSP002319_68656401fe.jpg","24.00-26.00 C","6.80-7.50","26.25-35.00 cm","肉食性，主食小鱼、虾、水生昆虫、蠕虫等活饵或冷冻饵；需逐渐训练接受人工饲料。避免投喂油脂高的肉类和单一饵料。",[316,317,318,319,320,321],"迷你魟","南美圆点魟","圆点淡水魟","圆点珍珠魟","奥氏河魟","奥氏魟","300.00",[],{"id":325,"speciesCode":326,"canonicalNameZh":327,"scientificName":328,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":329,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":330,"thumbnailUrl":331,"temperatureRange":332,"phRange":243,"sizeRange":244,"careDifficulty":269,"plantPlacement":68,"diet":245,"temperament":246,"feedingNotes":333,"aliases":334,"minimumTankL":255,"ghRange":256,"khRange":68,"lifespanRange":68,"priceRange":68,"priceUnit":68,"dataCompleteness":211,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":68,"co2Requirement":68,"growthRate":68,"verificationTags":341,"lastVerifiedAt":23,"lastVerifierName":68,"verificationCount":220,"hasRefetchTag":153},2900,"AQSP002320","施罗德魟","Potamotrygon schroederi",10426,"南美洲北部淡水底栖魟，见于巴西、哥伦比亚、委内瑞拉和圭亚那河川。最大体长约60 cm，体盘深色带浅色斑点，尾刺有毒。肉食性，水族箱中需600 L以上细底砂环境，会捕食小型鱼，不能作为温和混养鱼。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2815\u002FAQSP002320_706990e1a4.jpg","18.00-25.00 C","沉底肉食性，提供虾肉、鱼肉、贝类、蚯蚓及高蛋白沉底颗粒；幼体每日1-2次，成体可每日一次，量以10分钟内吃完为准。",[335,336,337,338,339,340],"南美河魟","南美淡水黄貂鱼","奥里诺科河魟","施罗德珍珠魟","淡水珍珠魟","黑珍珠魟",[],"zh-CN",[342,344],"en-US",{"missingFields":346,"translatedFields":347,"locale":342,"totalFields":347,"status":348},"0","22","COMPLETE","2026-10-04 00:45:06"]