[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species-detail:aqsp000236-gymnothorax-pictus":3},{"id":4,"speciesCode":5,"canonicalNameZh":6,"scientificName":7,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":10,"taxonomicStatus":11,"dataOrigin":12,"dataStatus":13,"primarySourceId":14,"active":15,"summary":16,"aliases":17,"taxonomyNodes":19,"taxonomyPath":60,"taxonomyPathText":59,"habitat":61,"care":77,"morphology":92,"reproduction":100,"plant":111,"careGuide":112,"careSections":120,"compatibility":208,"price":209,"dataCompleteness":210,"mediaAssets":211,"media":239,"relatedSpecies":240,"locale":326,"displayName":6,"commonName":6,"availableLocales":327,"translationCoverage":329,"updatedAt":333},236,"AQSP000236","花斑裸胸鳝","Gymnothorax pictus","FISH","BRACKISH",504,"UNRESOLVED","SOURCE_IMPORTED","VERIFIED",2,true,"花斑裸胸鳝（Gymnothorax pictus）为海鳝科裸胸鳝属动物。花斑裸胸鳝（学名：Gymnothorax neglectus Tanaka,1911）是海鳝科裸胸鳝属鱼类，该属为海鳝科最大属。研究表明其与Gymnothorax intesi构成表型变异物种对，二者形态差异显著且未发现杂交现象，主成分分析显示存在显著形态学分化。该物种分布于南海及西沙群岛海域。其肉有毒，可致人死亡。全体可入药，具解毒敛疮功效，主治疔疮痈肿、疮疡，常用量为煮食20～50克。",[18],"细点裸胸鯙[台]",[20,26,32,38,44,50,56],{"id":21,"parentId":22,"rankCode":23,"scientificName":24,"chineseName":25,"pathText":24,"displayName":25},1,null,"KINGDOM","Animalia","动物界",{"id":27,"parentId":21,"rankCode":28,"scientificName":29,"chineseName":30,"pathText":31,"displayName":30},3,"PHYLUM","Chordata","脊索动物门","Animalia > Chordata",{"id":33,"parentId":27,"rankCode":34,"scientificName":35,"chineseName":36,"pathText":37,"displayName":36},7,"CLASS","Actinopteri","辐鳍鱼纲","Animalia > Chordata > Actinopteri",{"id":39,"parentId":33,"rankCode":40,"scientificName":41,"chineseName":42,"pathText":43,"displayName":42},2734,"ORDER","Anguilliformes","鳗鲡目","Animalia > Chordata > Actinopteri > Anguilliformes",{"id":45,"parentId":39,"rankCode":46,"scientificName":47,"chineseName":48,"pathText":49,"displayName":48},3328,"FAMILY","Muraenidae","海鳝科","Animalia > Chordata > Actinopteri > Anguilliformes > Muraenidae",{"id":51,"parentId":45,"rankCode":52,"scientificName":53,"chineseName":54,"pathText":55,"displayName":54},3329,"GENUS","Gymnothorax","裸胸鳝属","Animalia > Chordata > Actinopteri > Anguilliformes > Muraenidae > Gymnothorax",{"id":57,"parentId":51,"rankCode":58,"scientificName":7,"chineseName":6,"pathText":59,"displayName":6},3333,"SPECIES","Animalia > Chordata > Actinopteri > Anguilliformes > Muraenidae > Gymnothorax > Gymnothorax pictus",[25,30,36,42,48,54,6],{"salinity":9,"distribution":62,"naturalHabitat":63,"waterLayer":64,"currentPreference":65,"substratePreference":66,"depthMinM":67,"depthMaxM":68,"phMin":69,"phMax":70,"ghMinD":71,"ghMaxD":71,"distributionRegionsJson":72,"habitatType":73,"temperatureMinC":74,"temperatureMaxC":75,"temperature":76},"自然分布于印度洋-太平洋；主要记录于 加拉帕戈斯、澳大利亚。","生活于淡水、河口或湿地水域，利用底质、植被和岸边结构活动。","BOTTOM","TIDAL","细砂、碎石、落叶或水生植物结构","0.00","100.00","8.10","8.40","","[\"美国\", \"澳大利亚\", \"印度尼西亚\", \"法属波利尼西亚\", \"日本\", \"斐济\", \"塞舌尔\", \"马绍尔群岛\", \"马尔代夫\", \"肯尼亚\", \"南非\", \"菲律宾\"]","淡水或河口水域","24.00","29.00","24.00-29.00 C",{"salinity":9,"difficulty":78,"diet":79,"temperament":80,"socialBehavior":81,"swimmingLayer":82,"minimumTankL":83,"temperatureMinC":84,"temperatureMaxC":85,"phMin":69,"phMax":70,"ghMinD":71,"ghMaxD":71,"khMinD":86,"khMaxD":87,"minimumGroupSize":88,"feedingNotes":89,"compatibilityNotes":90,"careNotes":91},"MODERATE","OMNIVORE","PEACEFUL","GROUP","MIDDLE","473.00","22.20","25.60","8.00","12.00","5","杂食性。可投喂合适的颗粒或薄片饲料，辅以冻饵和活饵。","掠食性，会捕食能吞下的鱼、虾与螺，仅可与体型相近或更大的鱼混养，不可与小型鱼、观赏虾、螺同缸；成体可达 121 cm，避免与体长不足其三分之一的鱼混养。","饲养难度中等。性情温和，可群养，中层活动。夜行性穴居，需洞穴藏身，跳跃力强需加盖",{"maxLengthCm":93,"averageLengthCm":94,"lifespanMinYears":95,"lifespanMaxYears":96,"bodyShape":97,"coloration":71,"distinguishingFeatures":98,"sexualDimorphism":99},"140.00","91.40","15.00","30.00","细长蛇形鱼体，无胸腹鳍，体表光滑","花斑裸胸鳝 花斑裸胸鳝 海鳝科裸胸鳝属动物 花斑裸胸鳝（学名：Gymnothorax neglectus Tanaka,1911）是海鳝科裸胸鳝属鱼类，该属为海鳝科最大属。全体可入药，具解毒敛疮功效，主治疔疮痈肿、疮疡，常用量为煮食20～50克。","雌雄通常在体型、体色或鳍形上有差异，具体因种类而异。雄鱼一般体色更鲜艳、体型更修长。",{"reproductionMode":101,"breedingDifficulty":102,"spawningType":103,"breedingSeason":104,"incubationDaysMin":105,"incubationDaysMax":106,"clutchSizeMin":107,"clutchSizeMax":108,"parentalCare":109,"breedingNotes":110},"EGG_LAYER","EXPERT","开放水域产浮性卵","暖季","30","60","1000","10000","无护幼","雌雄同体。",{"plantNotes":71},{"setupNotes":113,"waterChangeNotes":114,"densityNotes":115,"acclimationNotes":116,"feedingSummary":89,"commonMistakes":117,"completeness":118,"status":119},"缸体不少于 473 升，完成硝化循环并布置遮蔽与游动空间；水温 22.2–25.6℃、pH 8.1–8.4，按成体体型预留活动区并加盖防跳。","每周换水约四分之一至三分之一，新水除氯、等温；海水鱼还需匹配盐度，换水前先测氨和亚硝酸盐。","根据成体体型、领地性和过滤能力控制密度；出现持续追咬时分缸。","新个体先隔离观察，再缓慢对温、对水；入缸初期减光并观察呼吸、摄食和体表。","① 新缸未完成循环就入鱼；② 一次加入过多生物；③ 忽略成体体型与领地性；④ 过量投喂；⑤ 未隔离新鱼。","100","DRAFT",[121,137,155,173,191],{"id":122,"type":123,"title":124,"sortOrder":125,"payload":126},3665,"TIMELINE","入缸节奏",10,[127,129,131,134],{"phase":128,"content":113},"入缸前",{"phase":130,"content":116},"入缸\u002F种植",{"phase":132,"content":133},"第 1–2 周","每日观察摄食、活动、呼吸和体表；异常个体及时隔离。",{"phase":135,"content":136},"稳定后","维持水温 22.2–25.6℃、pH 8.1–8.4，固定换水和维护节奏，不追求参数快速变化。",{"id":138,"type":139,"title":140,"sortOrder":141,"payload":142},3666,"CHECKLIST","养好清单",20,[143,145,147,148,150,153],{"item":144,"must":15},"入缸前确认氨和亚硝酸盐为 0",{"item":146,"must":15},"水温维持 22.2–25.6℃、pH 维持 8.1–8.4",{"item":114,"must":15},{"item":149,"must":15},"按体型、食性和摄食速度控制投喂",{"item":151,"must":152},"观察同类追逐和混养压制，必要时分缸",false,{"item":154,"must":152},"新生物先隔离观察，不盲目用药",{"id":156,"type":157,"title":158,"sortOrder":159,"payload":160},3667,"FAQ","常见问题",30,[161,164,167,170],{"a":162,"q":163},"短期应激较常见，但若伴随急促呼吸、失衡或持续拒食，应立即检测氨、亚硝酸盐、温度、pH及海水盐度。","花斑裸胸鳝入缸后躲藏或不吃食正常吗？",{"a":165,"q":166},"避免与体型悬殊、会捕食、咬鳍或长期抢食的对象混养。","花斑裸胸鳝可以混养吗？",{"a":168,"q":169},"通常少量 1–2 次，以短时间吃完为准；不同食性和活动节律应调整，残饵必须及时清理。","一天喂几次合适？",{"a":171,"q":172},"持续浮头、急促呼吸、缩鳍、失去平衡、异常爬缸或集体拒食，都是应立即测试水质的信号。","怎样判断水质有问题？",{"id":174,"type":175,"title":176,"sortOrder":177,"payload":178},3668,"DISEASE","常见问题与防治",40,[179,183,187],{"name":180,"action":181,"trigger":182},"入缸应激与拒食","先隔离观察并检测水质，保持溶氧；纠正参数时要缓慢，避免反复折腾。","温度、pH或盐度变化过快",{"name":184,"action":185,"trigger":186},"体表异常或擦缸","隔离患病个体，记录症状并确认病因；药物仅按确诊结果和产品说明使用。","新个体带入病原、外伤或水质刺激",{"name":188,"action":189,"trigger":190},"鳍部损伤或继发感染","优先改善水质、减少争斗并提供躲避；严重或持续恶化时咨询专业水生动物医疗人员。","追咬、擦伤或长期水质不良",{"id":192,"type":193,"title":194,"sortOrder":195,"payload":196},3669,"WARNING","混养与风险提醒",50,[197,201,204],{"text":198,"level":199,"reason":200},"不要在未完成硝化循环的新缸中直接入缸","BAD","氨和亚硝酸盐可在短时间内造成中毒。",{"text":202,"level":199,"reason":203},"不要未确诊就混用药物","错误叠加用药可能掩盖病因并造成二次伤害。",{"text":205,"level":206,"reason":207},"避免与体型悬殊或攻击性不匹配的物种混养","CAUTION","捕食、持续追咬和抢食会造成慢性应激。",[],{},100,[212,224,229],{"id":213,"mediaType":214,"usageType":215,"title":216,"caption":217,"remoteUrl":218,"localPath":219,"mimeType":220,"copyrightHolder":221,"licenseNote":222,"sortOrder":223,"sourceId":22},5017,"IMAGE","PRIMARY","花斑裸胸鳝（Gymnothorax pictus）","来源：百度百科概述图；词条：https:\u002F\u002Fwapbaike.baidu.com\u002Fitem\u002F%E8%8A%B1%E6%96%91%E8%A3%B8%E8%83%B8%E9%B3%9D\u002F5489047；图片已下载到后端本地路径，前端展示使用 local_path。","https:\u002F\u002Fbkimg.cdn.bcebos.com\u002Fpic\u002F203fb80e7bec54e731fb59b5ba389b504fc26a01?x-bce-process=image\u002Fformat,f_auto","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F236\u002Fbaike-overview-species-236-943e885607.jpg","image\u002Fjpeg","百度百科 \u002F 原上传者（待人工复核）","保留来源原图；未执行去水印处理，需人工复核版权及水印状态。",0,{"id":225,"mediaType":214,"usageType":226,"title":216,"caption":71,"remoteUrl":227,"localPath":228,"mimeType":220,"copyrightHolder":71,"licenseNote":71,"sortOrder":223,"sourceId":22},5018,"MORPHOLOGY","https:\u002F\u002Finaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fphotos\u002F605704494\u002Foriginal.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F236\u002F409-original.jpg",{"id":230,"mediaType":214,"usageType":231,"title":216,"caption":232,"remoteUrl":233,"localPath":234,"mimeType":220,"copyrightHolder":235,"licenseNote":236,"sortOrder":237,"sourceId":238},5019,"OTHER","由 INATURALIST 学名匹配抓取；记录：https:\u002F\u002Fwww.inaturalist.org\u002Fobservations\u002F403767666","https:\u002F\u002Finaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fphotos\u002F741394630\u002Flarge.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F236\u002FAQSP000236_19448f9ac0.jpg","cwbrown","cc-by",99,35,{},[241,259,274,289,309],{"id":242,"speciesCode":243,"canonicalNameZh":244,"scientificName":245,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":246,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":247,"thumbnailUrl":248,"temperatureRange":249,"phRange":250,"sizeRange":251,"careDifficulty":78,"plantPlacement":71,"diet":252,"temperament":80,"feedingNotes":253,"aliases":254,"minimumTankL":83,"ghRange":71,"khRange":256,"lifespanRange":257,"priceRange":71,"priceUnit":71,"dataCompleteness":210,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":71,"co2Requirement":71,"growthRate":71,"verificationTags":258,"lastVerifiedAt":22,"lastVerifierName":71,"verificationCount":223,"hasRefetchTag":152},237,"AQSP000237","波纹裸胸鳝","Gymnothorax undulatus",505,"波纹裸胸鳝（Gymnothorax undulatus）为鳗鲡目裸胸鳝属动物。波纹裸胸鳝（学名：Gymnothorax undulatus）是辐鳍鱼纲鳗鲡目鯙亚目海鳝科裸胸鳝属鱼类，体长可达150厘米。体呈圆柱形，尾部侧扁，通体黑褐色，布满白色波浪状交错纹，斑纹形态随体长增长由线状转变为波纹状。皮肤光滑无鳞，背鳍、臀鳍与尾鳍连续，无胸鳍。该物种分布于印度太平洋区，从红海、东非至法属波利尼西亚，北起日本、南抵澳大利亚大堡礁海域，中国见于西沙群岛、台湾及福建沿海。栖息于水深9-110米的砾石底质潟湖、礁坡及珊瑚礁区，日间隐匿礁洞，夜间捕食鱼类、甲壳类及章鱼，口具利齿，具强烈攻击性与领地性，可造成创伤。肉质含珊瑚礁鱼毒素，台湾曾发生食用中毒案例，海南民间将其煅灰入药，兼具食用与观赏价值。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F237\u002Fbaike-overview-species-237-6404ff28cb.jpg","22.20-25.60 C","8.10-8.40","91.40-150.00 cm","CARNIVORE","偏肉食，水族箱中可投喂高品质颗粒、冷冻丰年虾、糠虾、贝肉或小型甲壳类，注意少量多次。",[255],"疏斑裸胸鯙[台]","8.00-12.00","15.00-30.00",[],{"id":260,"speciesCode":261,"canonicalNameZh":262,"scientificName":263,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":264,"commonnessRank":265,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":266,"thumbnailUrl":267,"temperatureRange":249,"phRange":250,"sizeRange":268,"careDifficulty":78,"plantPlacement":71,"diet":252,"temperament":80,"feedingNotes":269,"aliases":270,"minimumTankL":83,"ghRange":71,"khRange":256,"lifespanRange":257,"priceRange":71,"priceUnit":71,"dataCompleteness":210,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":71,"co2Requirement":71,"growthRate":71,"verificationTags":273,"lastVerifiedAt":22,"lastVerifierName":71,"verificationCount":223,"hasRefetchTag":152},215,"AQSP000215","豆点豹纹鳗","Gymnothorax favagineus","MULTI",438,"体表白灰至灰褐底色上密布圆黑斑点，头部斑点尤为密集，常连成蜂巢状纹路，随成长斑点数量增多而非变大，个体间斑纹差异明显。此鱼开口不难，但抢食凶猛、食量偏大，以鱼类为主食，混养时小型鱼虾易被吞食，只宜与体型相当的鱼共处。生性喜藏身岩礁洞穴与隙缝，具领域性，白天多隐于洞中，需提供充足躲藏空间。饲养上最大的坑在于其体型会持续增长，且无胸鳍、口齿尖利，捞取或清理时须防咬伤。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F215\u002Fbaike-overview-species-215-839063c3c9.jpg","91.40-300.00 cm","主要栖息于浅海珊瑚、岩礁的洞穴及隙缝中。以鱼类为主食。黑斑裸胸鯙的斑点间隔因受地点、体型及族群等因素影响而有很大的变异。大型个体栖穴附近经常可见清洁性动物，如鱼医生、清洁虾等与其共生，为大鯙进行清洁性服务，清除体表或口腔中的寄生虫，如鱼虱、桡脚类等。",[271,272],"大斑裸胸鯙[台]","豆点裸胸鳝",[],{"id":275,"speciesCode":276,"canonicalNameZh":277,"scientificName":278,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":264,"commonnessRank":279,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":280,"thumbnailUrl":281,"temperatureRange":249,"phRange":250,"sizeRange":282,"careDifficulty":78,"plantPlacement":71,"diet":252,"temperament":283,"feedingNotes":284,"aliases":285,"minimumTankL":83,"ghRange":71,"khRange":256,"lifespanRange":257,"priceRange":71,"priceUnit":71,"dataCompleteness":210,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":71,"co2Requirement":71,"growthRate":71,"verificationTags":288,"lastVerifiedAt":22,"lastVerifierName":71,"verificationCount":223,"hasRefetchTag":152},206,"AQSP000206","黄头鳗","Gymnothorax fimbriatus",641,"体色黄白至淡褐，体侧黑斑沿头尾方向排列，部分个体斑块垂直相连成波纹，背鳍与臀鳍边缘色淡并常带黑色繸状斑纹，吻部白天暗褐、夜间褪成底色。食欲旺盛、成长迅速，性情凶猛，能在游动中猎捕行动迟缓的活鱼，白天与夜间体色表现不同。饲养上开口容易但抢食极猛，混养需避开体型偏小或游动缓慢的鱼只，且成长快、体型会明显增大，不宜长期养在过小的缸中。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F206\u002F125-discern.jpg","91.40-93.40 cm","PREDATORY","天然摄食鱼及甲壳类，提供适口动物性饵料。",[286,287],"细斑裸胸鳝","花鳍裸胸鯙[台]",[],{"id":290,"speciesCode":291,"canonicalNameZh":292,"scientificName":293,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":294,"commonnessRank":295,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":296,"thumbnailUrl":297,"temperatureRange":298,"phRange":250,"sizeRange":299,"careDifficulty":78,"plantPlacement":71,"diet":252,"temperament":283,"feedingNotes":300,"aliases":301,"minimumTankL":307,"ghRange":71,"khRange":71,"lifespanRange":71,"priceRange":71,"priceUnit":71,"dataCompleteness":210,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":71,"co2Requirement":71,"growthRate":71,"verificationTags":308,"lastVerifiedAt":22,"lastVerifierName":71,"verificationCount":223,"hasRefetchTag":152},2850,"AQSP002270","几何泽鳝","Gymnothorax griseus","MARINE",10376,"几何泽鳝（Gymnothorax griseus）是分布于西印度洋至中太平洋热带珊瑚礁区的裸胸鳝属成员，最大体长约65 cm，常隐匿于礁石洞穴。肉食性、独居，需600 L以上海水缸，与珊瑚混养需谨慎，适合经验较丰富的饲养者。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2765\u002FAQSP002270_d01b948b3f.jpg","24.00-27.00 C","48.75-65.00 cm","肉食性，需提供多样化动物性饵料，如小鱼、虾、贝肉、鱿鱼等，每周喂食2-3次，避免过量。不可投喂哺乳动物肉。",[302,303,304,305,306],"几何裸胸鳝","灰泽鳝","灰海鳝","灰裸胸鳝","灰鳗","600.00",[],{"id":310,"speciesCode":311,"canonicalNameZh":312,"scientificName":313,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":294,"commonnessRank":314,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":315,"thumbnailUrl":316,"temperatureRange":249,"phRange":250,"sizeRange":317,"careDifficulty":78,"plantPlacement":71,"diet":252,"temperament":80,"feedingNotes":253,"aliases":318,"minimumTankL":83,"ghRange":71,"khRange":256,"lifespanRange":257,"priceRange":71,"priceUnit":71,"dataCompleteness":210,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":71,"co2Requirement":71,"growthRate":71,"verificationTags":323,"lastVerifiedAt":324,"lastVerifierName":325,"verificationCount":21,"hasRefetchTag":152},1691,"AQSP001526","魔斑豹纹鳗","Gymnothorax isingteena",796,"体表密布深色斑点，斑纹如豹纹般醒目，头部常从珊瑚礁隐蔽处探出，是辨识度极高的裸胸鳝。水族箱中开口难度不大，但抢食积极、食量偏大，混养时需留意体型较小的鱼虾被吞食。领域性强，不宜与同类或体型相近的底栖鱼共处一缸，也不适合作为闯缸鱼。饲养中最大的坑在于其生长速度快、成体体型可观，且长成后体色与斑纹会逐渐变暗，与市面常见的近似种混售时较难分辨，选购时需仔细核对斑纹细节。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2026\u002F08\u002F370cd9b8-c47a-4cd6-99f3-58e6b087ad0e.jpg","91.40-180.00 cm",[319,320,321,322],"Gymnothorax melanospilos\u002F黑点裸胸鳝[并]","豹纹海鳝","魔斑裸胸鯙[台]","魔斑裸胸鳝",[],"2026-08-06 08:36:48","超级管理员","zh-CN",[326,328],"en-US",{"missingFields":330,"translatedFields":331,"locale":326,"totalFields":331,"status":332},"0","26","COMPLETE","2026-10-04 00:45:06"]