[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species-detail:aqsp001183-vallisneria-nana":3},{"id":4,"speciesCode":5,"canonicalNameZh":6,"scientificName":7,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":10,"taxonomicStatus":11,"dataOrigin":12,"dataStatus":13,"primarySourceId":14,"active":15,"summary":16,"aliases":17,"taxonomyNodes":19,"taxonomyPath":60,"taxonomyPathText":59,"habitat":61,"care":77,"morphology":93,"reproduction":98,"plant":104,"careGuide":113,"careSections":122,"compatibility":210,"price":211,"dataCompleteness":212,"mediaAssets":213,"media":226,"relatedSpecies":227,"locale":336,"displayName":6,"commonName":6,"availableLocales":337,"translationCoverage":338,"updatedAt":342},1348,"AQSP001183","针叶苦草","Vallisneria nana","PLANT","FRESHWATER",538,"ACCEPTED","CURATED","VERIFIED",21,true,"针叶苦草（Vallisneria nana）是水族造景中常见的淡水水草，常用于后景。叶片较窄，适合后景细线条草墙。",[18],"Narrow leaf vallisneria",[20,26,32,38,44,50,56],{"id":21,"parentId":22,"rankCode":23,"scientificName":24,"chineseName":25,"pathText":24,"displayName":25},760,null,"KINGDOM","Plantae","植物界",{"id":27,"parentId":21,"rankCode":28,"scientificName":29,"chineseName":30,"pathText":31,"displayName":30},761,"PHYLUM","Tracheophyta","维管植物门","Plantae > Tracheophyta",{"id":33,"parentId":27,"rankCode":34,"scientificName":35,"chineseName":36,"pathText":37,"displayName":36},2740,"CLASS","Liliopsida","百合纲","Plantae > Tracheophyta > Liliopsida",{"id":39,"parentId":33,"rankCode":40,"scientificName":41,"chineseName":42,"pathText":43,"displayName":42},2741,"ORDER","Alismatales","泽泻目","Plantae > Tracheophyta > Liliopsida > Alismatales",{"id":45,"parentId":39,"rankCode":46,"scientificName":47,"chineseName":48,"pathText":49,"displayName":48},3243,"FAMILY","Hydrocharitaceae","水鳖科","Plantae > Tracheophyta > Liliopsida > Alismatales > Hydrocharitaceae",{"id":51,"parentId":45,"rankCode":52,"scientificName":53,"chineseName":54,"pathText":55,"displayName":54},4022,"GENUS","Vallisneria","苦草属","Plantae > Tracheophyta > Liliopsida > Alismatales > Hydrocharitaceae > Vallisneria",{"id":57,"parentId":51,"rankCode":58,"scientificName":7,"chineseName":6,"pathText":59,"displayName":6},4024,"SPECIES","Plantae > Tracheophyta > Liliopsida > Alismatales > Hydrocharitaceae > Vallisneria > Vallisneria nana",[25,30,36,42,48,54,6],{"salinity":9,"distribution":62,"naturalHabitat":63,"waterLayer":64,"currentPreference":65,"substratePreference":66,"depthMinM":67,"depthMaxM":67,"phMin":68,"phMax":69,"ghMinD":70,"ghMaxD":71,"distributionRegionsJson":72,"habitatType":73,"temperatureMinC":74,"temperatureMaxC":75,"temperature":76}," 原产亚洲。","热带浅水沟渠、沼泽与缓流河川浅滩，挺水或沉水生长","BOTTOM","SLOW","细砂、碎石、落叶或水生植物结构","","6.00","7.50","3.00","12.00","[\"澳大利亚\", \"韩国\", \"日本\", \"巴布亚新几内亚\", \"菲律宾\", \"中国台湾\", \"新西兰\", \"德国\", \"印度尼西亚\", \"中国\", \"美国\", \"所罗门群岛\"]","淡水或河口水域","20.00","28.00","20.00-28.00 C",{"salinity":9,"difficulty":78,"diet":79,"temperament":80,"socialBehavior":81,"swimmingLayer":82,"minimumTankL":83,"temperatureMinC":74,"temperatureMaxC":75,"phMin":84,"phMax":85,"ghMinD":86,"ghMaxD":87,"khMinD":88,"khMaxD":89,"minimumGroupSize":67,"feedingNotes":90,"compatibilityNotes":91,"careNotes":92},"EASY","AUTOTROPH","UNKNOWN","NOT_APPLICABLE","ATTACHED","10.00","6.50","8.50","8.00","25.00","4.00","18.00","水草通过光合作用生长，不需要投喂；保持稳定光照、基础肥力和水流即可。","水草兼容性主要取决于光照、CO2、底床、营养和鱼类啃食风险；混养时应观察叶片损伤和藻类附着。","生长速度中等。肥料需求可按低到中等强度管理，避免在强光和过量营养下诱发藻类附着。",{"maxLengthCm":94,"averageLengthCm":67,"lifespanMinYears":67,"lifespanMaxYears":67,"bodyShape":95,"coloration":96,"distinguishingFeatures":97,"sexualDimorphism":67},"50.00","丛生或匍匐型水草，叶片细长或圆","水下叶通常呈绿色，部分品种或高光环境可出现红褐、铜色或斑纹变化。","叶片较窄，适合后景细线条草墙。",{"reproductionMode":99,"breedingDifficulty":78,"spawningType":100,"breedingSeason":101,"incubationDaysMin":67,"incubationDaysMax":67,"clutchSizeMin":67,"clutchSizeMax":67,"parentalCare":102,"breedingNotes":103},"VEGETATIVE","分株、侧芽、剪枝或匍匐茎繁殖","生长旺季","无（营养繁殖）","水草以营养繁殖为主：分株、侧芽、剪枝扦插或匍匐茎分生；有茎草剪取顶枝扦插即可成株。",{"growthForm":105,"placement":106,"growthRate":107,"lightRequirement":108,"co2Requirement":109,"heightMinCm":74,"heightMaxCm":110,"substrateRequirement":111,"nutrientDemand":80,"propagationMethod":112,"plantNotes":92},"ROSETTE","MIDGROUND","MEDIUM","LOW","OPTIONAL","30.00","按物种形态选择附着、栽种或漂浮管理；根茎类水草避免深埋根茎。","分株或按物种形态繁殖",{"setupNotes":114,"waterChangeNotes":115,"densityNotes":116,"acclimationNotes":117,"feedingSummary":118,"commonMistakes":119,"completeness":120,"status":121},"按前、中、后景株型安排位置，避免遮挡；水温 20–28℃、pH 6.5–8.5，先用稳定的中等光周期观察新叶。","每周换水约四分之一至三分之一，清除溶叶；液肥或根肥少量分次添加。","预留侧芽和新叶展开空间，过密时分批修剪，避免底部长期缺光。","入缸前去除腐烂叶和受损根，冲洗附着杂质；转水初期不频繁移动，待新叶稳定后再调整光肥。","根据新叶颜色和生长速度少量分次补肥，避免光、肥、二氧化碳任一项突然大幅变化。","① 刚入缸就使用强光；② 一次补肥过量；③ 溶叶不及时清理；④ 频繁拔插；⑤ 种植过密导致底部缺光。","100","DRAFT",[123,139,157,175,193],{"id":124,"type":125,"title":126,"sortOrder":127,"payload":128},6145,"TIMELINE","入缸节奏",10,[129,131,133,136],{"phase":130,"content":114},"入缸前",{"phase":132,"content":117},"入缸\u002F种植",{"phase":134,"content":135},"第 1–2 周","观察是否长出适应水下环境的新叶，及时清理溶叶。",{"phase":137,"content":138},"稳定后","维持水温 20–28℃、pH 6.5–8.5，固定换水和维护节奏，不追求参数快速变化。",{"id":140,"type":141,"title":142,"sortOrder":143,"payload":144},6146,"CHECKLIST","养好清单",20,[145,147,149,150,152,155],{"item":146,"must":15},"入缸前确认氨和亚硝酸盐为 0",{"item":148,"must":15},"水温维持 20–28℃、pH 维持 6.5–8.5",{"item":115,"must":15},{"item":151,"must":15},"光照、肥料和二氧化碳分阶段调整",{"item":153,"must":154},"定期修剪并清除溶叶",false,{"item":156,"must":154},"避免大型草食鱼翻动或啃食",{"id":158,"type":159,"title":160,"sortOrder":161,"payload":162},6147,"FAQ","常见问题",30,[163,166,169,172],{"a":164,"q":165},"水上叶转水下叶、运输损伤或参数骤变都可能造成老叶退化。剪除腐烂部分，保持光照和水质稳定，重点观察新叶。","针叶苦草入缸后为什么会溶叶？",{"a":167,"q":168},"应结合该草的光照等级和生长速度判断；即使添加二氧化碳，也要从低量开始并保持稳定。","是否必须添加二氧化碳？",{"a":170,"q":171},"先排除光照过强和根系损伤，再依据新叶表现少量分次补充综合肥，避免一次加量过大。","叶片发黄或新叶变白怎么办？",{"a":173,"q":174},"多数水草可通过剪取健康茎段、分株、匍匐茎或分离侧芽繁殖，具体方法应结合其株型。","怎样繁殖？",{"id":176,"type":177,"title":178,"sortOrder":179,"payload":180},6148,"DISEASE","常见问题与防治",40,[181,185,189],{"name":182,"action":183,"trigger":184},"溶叶\u002F黑叶","剪除坏叶，保持参数稳定，观察健康新叶。","转水、温差或根系受损",{"name":186,"action":187,"trigger":188},"新叶褪色","先核对光周期，再少量分次补肥，避免一次过量。","光肥失衡或微量元素不足",{"name":190,"action":191,"trigger":192},"叶面附藻","缩短过量光照、改善水流并手工清理。","光照过强、水流死角或营养失衡",{"id":194,"type":195,"title":196,"sortOrder":197,"payload":198},6149,"WARNING","混养与风险提醒",50,[199,203,207],{"text":200,"level":201,"reason":202},"不要在转水期突然增强光照","CAUTION","老叶尚未适应时容易溶叶并诱发藻类。",{"text":204,"level":205,"reason":206},"避免一次性过量施肥","BAD","植株吸收不及会显著增加爆藻风险。",{"text":208,"level":201,"reason":209},"谨慎与大型草食鱼混养","嫩芽可能被啃食，底床也可能被翻动。",[],{},100,[214],{"id":215,"mediaType":216,"usageType":217,"title":218,"caption":219,"remoteUrl":220,"localPath":221,"mimeType":222,"copyrightHolder":223,"licenseNote":224,"sortOrder":225,"sourceId":14},6020,"IMAGE","PRIMARY","针叶苦草（Vallisneria nana）","按学名从 iNaturalist 匹配并本地缓存；来源：https:\u002F\u002Fwww.inaturalist.org\u002Fobservations\u002F231578291","https:\u002F\u002Finaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fphotos\u002F411325556\u002Flarge.jpeg","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F1348\u002Flarge.jpg","image\u002Fjpeg","(c) Greg Tasney, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)","cc-by-sa",0,{},[228,255,272,292,314],{"id":229,"speciesCode":230,"canonicalNameZh":231,"scientificName":232,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":233,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":234,"thumbnailUrl":235,"temperatureRange":236,"phRange":237,"sizeRange":238,"careDifficulty":78,"plantPlacement":239,"diet":79,"temperament":80,"feedingNotes":240,"aliases":241,"minimumTankL":74,"ghRange":248,"khRange":249,"lifespanRange":67,"priceRange":67,"priceUnit":67,"dataCompleteness":212,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":108,"co2Requirement":109,"growthRate":250,"verificationTags":251,"lastVerifiedAt":252,"lastVerifierName":253,"verificationCount":254,"hasRefetchTag":154},1349,"AQSP001184","美洲苦草","Vallisneria americana",236,"北美原产的经典大型背景水草，叶片带状可长达1米以上（水族箱中常30-80cm）。耐寒性强，可适应15-28℃水温，对水质硬度适应范围极广，是新手也能轻松养活的入门水草。以匍匐茎快速繁殖，易形成茂密草丛，需注意定期修剪防止遮挡光线。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F1349\u002FAQSP001184_28e3d3c568.jpg","18.00-28.00 C","6.00-8.50","30.00-120.00 cm","BACKGROUND","不投喂；通过根系和叶片吸收养分，按生长速度补充水草肥并避免营养失衡。",[242,243,244,245,246,247],"巨型苦草","带状苦草","Tape grass","大苦草","扭兰","水兰","4.00-25.00","2.00-12.00","FAST",[],"2026-08-06 08:08:59","超级管理员",1,{"id":256,"speciesCode":257,"canonicalNameZh":258,"scientificName":259,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":260,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":261,"thumbnailUrl":262,"temperatureRange":263,"phRange":264,"sizeRange":67,"careDifficulty":78,"plantPlacement":106,"diet":79,"temperament":80,"feedingNotes":265,"aliases":266,"minimumTankL":83,"ghRange":268,"khRange":269,"lifespanRange":67,"priceRange":67,"priceUnit":67,"dataCompleteness":212,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":107,"co2Requirement":109,"growthRate":250,"verificationTags":270,"lastVerifiedAt":271,"lastVerifierName":253,"verificationCount":254,"hasRefetchTag":154},2063,"AQSP002528","大水兰","Vallisneria natans",1195,"扭兰（学名：Vallisneria natans，别名：苦草）是水鳖科苦草属的沉水草本植物，具匍匐茎和越冬块茎。茎纤细呈白色，直径约2毫米，先端芽浅黄色，叶片基生，线形或带形，长20-200厘米，宽0.5-2厘米，绿色或带紫红色，叶脉5-9条。花单性且雌雄异株，雄佛焰苞卵状圆锥形，雌佛焰苞筒状，受精后螺旋状卷曲，果实圆柱形。该物种分布于中国吉林、河北、陕西至云南等南北大部分省区，也见于伊拉克、印度、日本、马来西亚和澳大利亚等地，常生长于溪沟、河流、池塘、湖泊之中。其繁殖策略与水位梯度变化相关。潘瑛团队在国家自然科学基金项目中以扭兰为模式物种，研究水交换条件对沉水植物定植下限的调控机理，并研发生态修复技术，其异速生长模式、种间竞争机制与水交换率存在关联，磷元素内稳态对其深水适应性具有可塑性调控作用。黎磊团队研究表明其繁殖分配特征受泛洪深度及持续时间影响。扭兰可作为风景区水景的观赏植物、食草性...","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2026\u002F08\u002Fb0ee1b13-44be-40ce-9562-92ae39de3428.jpg","4.00-28.00 C","6.00-8.00","通过根系、叶片或藻体吸收营养，根据新生组织状态少量分次补肥。",[258,267],"Asian tape grass","5.00-18.00","2.00-21.00",[],"2026-08-06 08:12:48",{"id":273,"speciesCode":274,"canonicalNameZh":275,"scientificName":276,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":277,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":278,"thumbnailUrl":279,"temperatureRange":236,"phRange":280,"sizeRange":281,"careDifficulty":78,"plantPlacement":239,"diet":79,"temperament":80,"feedingNotes":282,"aliases":283,"minimumTankL":287,"ghRange":268,"khRange":288,"lifespanRange":67,"priceRange":289,"priceUnit":290,"dataCompleteness":212,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":108,"co2Requirement":109,"growthRate":250,"verificationTags":291,"lastVerifiedAt":22,"lastVerifierName":67,"verificationCount":225,"hasRefetchTag":154},1261,"AQSP000837","螺旋苦草","Vallisneria spiralis",7,"叶片细长如带的经典后景水草，生长快、靠匍匐茎迅速成片，是最容易营造「水下草原」的品种。耐低光、不需 CO₂、适应力极强，是新手与大缸背景的首选；缺点是蔓延快需定期疏剪。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F1261\u002Fbaike-overview-species-1261-5ba0eb277c.png","6.50-8.00","20.00-30.00 cm","根系发达，以根肥为主（底床基肥\u002F根肥锭），液肥为辅。适应力强，贫瘠底床也能生长但叶片会变窄变短。",[247,284,53,285,247,286],"Italian vallisneria","扁担草","水韭菜","60.00","3.00-12.00","1.99-9.90","株",[],{"id":293,"speciesCode":294,"canonicalNameZh":295,"scientificName":296,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":297,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":298,"thumbnailUrl":299,"temperatureRange":76,"phRange":300,"sizeRange":301,"careDifficulty":302,"plantPlacement":106,"diet":79,"temperament":80,"feedingNotes":303,"aliases":304,"minimumTankL":74,"ghRange":310,"khRange":311,"lifespanRange":67,"priceRange":67,"priceUnit":67,"dataCompleteness":212,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":107,"co2Requirement":312,"growthRate":107,"verificationTags":313,"lastVerifiedAt":22,"lastVerifierName":67,"verificationCount":225,"hasRefetchTag":154},2242,"AQSP001663","水筛","Blyxa japonica",1000014,"东亚及东南亚浅水湿地的沉水植物，虽是有茎植物，叶片却从短茎密生而呈莲座状。光照和肥力充足时株形紧凑，叶色可由鲜绿转为青铜或微红。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2078\u002FAQCATF66C968CAF4E437A_6ebacf784e.jpg","5.50-7.50","10.00-20.00 cm","MODERATE","通过底床和水体吸收肥料，需稳定补充宏量与微量元素。",[305,306,307,308,309],"日本水筛","日本箦藻","水筛草","箦藻","细叶箦藻","2.00-15.00","1.00-4.00","RECOMMENDED",[],{"id":315,"speciesCode":316,"canonicalNameZh":317,"scientificName":318,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":319,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":320,"thumbnailUrl":321,"temperatureRange":322,"phRange":323,"sizeRange":324,"careDifficulty":78,"plantPlacement":239,"diet":79,"temperament":80,"feedingNotes":325,"aliases":326,"minimumTankL":287,"ghRange":332,"khRange":333,"lifespanRange":67,"priceRange":67,"priceUnit":67,"dataCompleteness":212,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":334,"co2Requirement":312,"growthRate":107,"verificationTags":335,"lastVerifiedAt":22,"lastVerifierName":67,"verificationCount":225,"hasRefetchTag":154},2343,"AQSP001764","大箦藻","Blyxa novoguineensis",20107,"原产新几内亚的大型沉水性箦藻，株高可达30-50cm，叶片长带形，绿色至红褐色，是水族中极少数的中后景箦藻。与日本箦藻相比体型大、叶更宽，需较强光照与稳定CO2，否则易溶叶；适合软水草缸，繁殖靠匍匐茎。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2179\u002FAQGAP833FB3227C61_4f7abe71fe.jpg","22.00-28.00 C","5.50-7.00","20.00-50.00 cm","通过根系和叶片吸收肥料，根据植物状态补充宏量与微量元素。",[327,328,329,330,331],"新几内亚箦藻","NG箦藻","大叶箦藻","宽叶箦藻","巨人箦藻","2.00-8.00","0.00-4.00","HIGH",[],"zh-CN",[336],{"missingFields":339,"translatedFields":340,"locale":336,"totalFields":340,"status":341},"0","19","COMPLETE","2026-10-04 00:45:06"]