[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species-detail:aqsp001184-vallisneria-americana":3},{"id":4,"speciesCode":5,"canonicalNameZh":6,"scientificName":7,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":10,"taxonomicStatus":11,"dataOrigin":12,"dataStatus":13,"primarySourceId":14,"active":15,"summary":16,"aliases":17,"taxonomyNodes":27,"taxonomyPath":68,"taxonomyPathText":67,"habitat":69,"care":85,"morphology":102,"reproduction":109,"plant":114,"careGuide":123,"careSections":132,"compatibility":216,"price":217,"dataCompleteness":218,"mediaAssets":219,"media":250,"relatedSpecies":251,"locale":352,"displayName":6,"commonName":6,"availableLocales":353,"translationCoverage":355,"updatedAt":358},1349,"AQSP001184","美洲苦草","Vallisneria americana","PLANT","FRESHWATER",236,"ACCEPTED","SOURCE_IMPORTED","VERIFIED",90,true,"北美原产的经典大型背景水草，叶片带状可长达1米以上（水族箱中常30-80cm）。耐寒性强，可适应15-28℃水温，对水质硬度适应范围极广，是新手也能轻松养活的入门水草。以匍匐茎快速繁殖，易形成茂密草丛，需注意定期修剪防止遮挡光线。",[18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26],"巨型苦草","带状苦草","Tape grass","大苦草","扭兰","水兰","美国苦草","美洲水兰","苦草",[28,34,40,46,52,58,64],{"id":29,"parentId":30,"rankCode":31,"scientificName":32,"chineseName":33,"pathText":32,"displayName":33},760,null,"KINGDOM","Plantae","植物界",{"id":35,"parentId":29,"rankCode":36,"scientificName":37,"chineseName":38,"pathText":39,"displayName":38},761,"PHYLUM","Tracheophyta","维管植物门","Plantae > Tracheophyta",{"id":41,"parentId":35,"rankCode":42,"scientificName":43,"chineseName":44,"pathText":45,"displayName":44},2740,"CLASS","Liliopsida","百合纲","Plantae > Tracheophyta > Liliopsida",{"id":47,"parentId":41,"rankCode":48,"scientificName":49,"chineseName":50,"pathText":51,"displayName":50},2741,"ORDER","Alismatales","泽泻目","Plantae > Tracheophyta > Liliopsida > Alismatales",{"id":53,"parentId":47,"rankCode":54,"scientificName":55,"chineseName":56,"pathText":57,"displayName":56},3243,"FAMILY","Hydrocharitaceae","水鳖科","Plantae > Tracheophyta > Liliopsida > Alismatales > Hydrocharitaceae",{"id":59,"parentId":53,"rankCode":60,"scientificName":61,"chineseName":62,"pathText":63,"displayName":62},4022,"GENUS","Vallisneria","苦草属","Plantae > Tracheophyta > Liliopsida > Alismatales > Hydrocharitaceae > Vallisneria",{"id":65,"parentId":59,"rankCode":66,"scientificName":7,"chineseName":6,"pathText":67,"displayName":6},4023,"SPECIES","Plantae > Tracheophyta > Liliopsida > Alismatales > Hydrocharitaceae > Vallisneria > Vallisneria americana",[33,38,44,50,56,62,6],{"salinity":9,"distribution":70,"naturalHabitat":71,"waterLayer":72,"currentPreference":73,"substratePreference":74,"depthMinM":75,"depthMaxM":76,"phMin":77,"phMax":78,"ghMinD":79,"ghMaxD":80,"distributionRegionsJson":81,"habitatType":71,"temperatureMinC":82,"temperatureMaxC":83,"temperature":84},"分布于美国、加拿大、墨西哥、澳大利亚、危地马拉、俄罗斯、古巴、巴布亚新几内亚、多米尼加共和国、哥伦比亚。","北美湖泊、河流和泉溪的浅水区","BOTTOM","SLOW","富营养细颗粒底床","0.30","5.00","6.00","9.00","3.00","15.00","[\"美国\", \"加拿大\", \"墨西哥\", \"澳大利亚\", \"危地马拉\", \"俄罗斯\", \"古巴\", \"巴布亚新几内亚\", \"多米尼加共和国\", \"哥伦比亚\"]","10.00","28.00","10.00-28.00 C",{"salinity":9,"difficulty":86,"diet":87,"temperament":88,"socialBehavior":89,"swimmingLayer":90,"minimumTankL":91,"temperatureMinC":92,"temperatureMaxC":83,"phMin":77,"phMax":93,"ghMinD":94,"ghMaxD":95,"khMinD":96,"khMaxD":97,"minimumGroupSize":98,"feedingNotes":99,"compatibilityNotes":100,"careNotes":101},"EASY","AUTOTROPH","UNKNOWN","NOT_APPLICABLE","ATTACHED","20.00","18.00","8.50","4.00","25.00","2.00","12.00","","不投喂；通过根系和叶片吸收养分，按生长速度补充水草肥并避免营养失衡。","适合多数温和淡水鱼虾缸；大型草食鱼、翻砂鱼和部分螺类可能损伤植株。","光照需求为LOW，CO₂需求为NONE；富营养细颗粒底床。",{"maxLengthCm":103,"averageLengthCm":104,"lifespanMinYears":98,"lifespanMaxYears":98,"bodyShape":105,"coloration":106,"distinguishingFeatures":107,"sexualDimorphism":108},"120.00","60.00","基生带状叶丛，叶片可延伸至水面","叶色随光照、营养、二氧化碳和栽培条件变化。","通过长走茎快速形成背景群落，叶片不宜从中段截短","雌雄异株，雄花小、多数生于短花梗上，成熟后脱离浮于水面；雌花具长花梗，开花时挺出水面；但水族箱中极少见有性繁殖。",{"reproductionMode":110,"breedingDifficulty":86,"spawningType":111,"breedingSeason":98,"incubationDaysMin":98,"incubationDaysMax":98,"clutchSizeMin":98,"clutchSizeMax":98,"parentalCare":112,"breedingNotes":113},"VEGETATIVE","走茎子株分株","不适用","水族箱中主要采用走茎子株分株；部分种亦可有性繁殖。",{"growthForm":115,"placement":116,"growthRate":117,"lightRequirement":118,"co2Requirement":119,"heightMinCm":120,"heightMaxCm":103,"substrateRequirement":74,"nutrientDemand":121,"propagationMethod":111,"plantNotes":122},"ROSETTE","BACKGROUND","FAST","LOW","OPTIONAL","30.00","MEDIUM","成株高度约 30–120 cm；定期修剪并清除老叶。",{"setupNotes":124,"waterChangeNotes":125,"densityNotes":126,"acclimationNotes":127,"feedingSummary":128,"commonMistakes":129,"completeness":130,"status":131},"适合中大型水族箱，建议缸高40cm以上，作为后景或侧景；底床需铺设5-8cm细砂或水草泥，留出根系生长空间。","每周换水20-30%，保持水质稳定；对水质波动耐受性强。","单株间距5-10cm，留出匍匐茎蔓延空间；过密需分株。","新株入缸前先去除烂叶，用清水冲洗后直接栽种；无需特别过水。","无需喂食，可每周添加少量液肥或根部肥；高光下可添加CO2促进生长。","① 种植密度过高导致底部叶片光照不足；② 忽略修剪导致叶片浮于水面遮挡光线；③ 与食草性鱼类混养被啃食；④ 使用太浅的缸体导致叶片无法直立；⑤ 长期强光但不补充CO2和肥料导致叶片发黄。","0","DRAFT",[133,148,167,185,199],{"id":134,"type":135,"title":136,"sortOrder":137,"payload":138},2585,"TIMELINE","入缸节奏",10,[139,142,145],{"phase":140,"content":141},"入缸前","清理烂叶，用高锰酸钾溶液或清水浸泡10-15分钟消毒；准备5cm以上细砂或水草泥底床。",{"phase":143,"content":144},"入缸","将根部埋入底床，露出根颈；间距5-10cm，避免叶片相互遮挡。初期可降低光照1-2天助其适应。",{"phase":146,"content":147},"稳定后","2-3周后开始生长匍匐茎，新株从侧芽萌发；每月修剪老叶和过密新株，控制蔓延范围。",{"id":149,"type":150,"title":151,"sortOrder":152,"payload":153},2586,"CHECKLIST","养好清单",20,[154,156,158,160,162,165],{"item":155,"must":15},"缸高≥40cm，避免叶片折弯",{"item":157,"must":15},"底床厚度≥5cm，细砂或水草泥",{"item":159,"must":15},"光照中等以上（0.5W\u002FL以上）",{"item":161,"must":15},"水温15-28℃，避免长期超过30℃",{"item":163,"must":164},"定期添加根肥或液肥",false,{"item":166,"must":164},"避免与大型食草鱼或挖沙鱼混养",{"id":168,"type":169,"title":170,"sortOrder":171,"payload":172},2587,"FAQ","常见问题",30,[173,176,179,182],{"a":174,"q":175},"不需要强制添加，在中等光照下不加CO2也能生长，但加入CO2后叶片会更宽厚、生长更快。","美洲苦草需要CO2吗？",{"a":177,"q":178},"直接修剪过长的叶片，剪到所需高度即可；也可通过降低光照强度或减少施肥来减缓生长。","叶片太长怎么办？",{"a":180,"q":181},"通常是光照不足或缺乏营养（尤其铁、钾），可增加光照并补充液肥；老叶自然发黄属正常代谢。","为什么叶片发黄或透明？",{"a":183,"q":184},"在自然水体中会开花（雌雄异株），但水族箱中很少见；繁殖主要依靠匍匐茎，无需开花。","会开花吗？",{"id":186,"type":187,"title":188,"sortOrder":189,"payload":190},2588,"DISEASE","常见病与防治",40,[191,195],{"name":192,"action":193,"trigger":194},"叶片腐烂","剪除腐烂部分，加强换水，提高光照，检查过滤系统","光照不足或水质恶化",{"name":196,"action":197,"trigger":198},"藻类附着","减少光照时间，引入食藻生物（如黑壳虾），人工擦除叶片藻类","光照过强或营养失衡",{"id":200,"type":201,"title":202,"sortOrder":203,"payload":204},2589,"WARNING","混养禁忌",50,[205,209,213],{"text":206,"level":207,"reason":208},"禁止与大型草食性鱼类混养","BAD","金鱼、大型慈鲷等会啃食叶片，导致植株受损甚至死亡",{"text":210,"level":211,"reason":212},"避免种植在极浅缸或小型缸","CAUTION","植株可长到60-100cm，过浅环境叶片会浮于水面，影响美观和光照",{"text":214,"level":211,"reason":215},"注意控制蔓延","匍匐茎扩散快，可能侵占其他水草领地，需定期分株或修剪",[],{},100,[220,233,242],{"id":221,"mediaType":222,"usageType":223,"title":224,"caption":225,"remoteUrl":226,"localPath":227,"mimeType":228,"copyrightHolder":229,"licenseNote":230,"sortOrder":231,"sourceId":232},4031,"IMAGE","PRIMARY","美洲苦草（Vallisneria americana）","由 INATURALIST 学名匹配抓取；记录：https:\u002F\u002Fwww.inaturalist.org\u002Fobservations\u002F403412914","https:\u002F\u002Finaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fphotos\u002F740689440\u002Flarge.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F1349\u002FAQSP001184_28e3d3c568.jpg","image\u002Fjpeg","kirsten_g","cc-by-nc",99,35,{"id":234,"mediaType":222,"usageType":235,"title":224,"caption":236,"remoteUrl":237,"localPath":238,"mimeType":228,"copyrightHolder":239,"licenseNote":230,"sortOrder":240,"sourceId":241},4032,"MORPHOLOGY","按学名从 iNaturalist 匹配并本地缓存；来源：https:\u002F\u002Fwww.inaturalist.org\u002Fobservations\u002F204154796","https:\u002F\u002Finaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fphotos\u002F30864698\u002Flarge.jpeg","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F1349\u002Flarge.jpg","(c) raymie, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC)",0,21,{"id":243,"mediaType":222,"usageType":235,"title":224,"caption":244,"remoteUrl":245,"localPath":246,"mimeType":247,"copyrightHolder":248,"licenseNote":249,"sortOrder":240,"sourceId":30},4033,"来源：百度百科概述图；词条：https:\u002F\u002Fwapbaike.baidu.com\u002Fitem\u002F%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E8%8B%A6%E8%8D%89；图片已下载到后端本地路径，前端展示使用 local_path。","https:\u002F\u002Fbkimg.cdn.bcebos.com\u002Fpic\u002Ff31fbe096b63f6246b60b99ffe14fcf81a4c510f0554?x-bce-process=image\u002Fresize,m_lfit,w_536,limit_1\u002Fquality,Q_70","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F1349\u002Fbaike-overview-species-1349-a8f7aa51f8.png","image\u002Fpng","百度百科 \u002F 原上传者（待人工复核）","保留来源原图；未执行去水印处理，需人工复核版权及水印状态。",{},[252,270,289,308,330],{"id":253,"speciesCode":254,"canonicalNameZh":255,"scientificName":256,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":257,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":258,"thumbnailUrl":259,"temperatureRange":260,"phRange":261,"sizeRange":262,"careDifficulty":86,"plantPlacement":263,"diet":87,"temperament":88,"feedingNotes":264,"aliases":265,"minimumTankL":82,"ghRange":267,"khRange":268,"lifespanRange":98,"priceRange":98,"priceUnit":98,"dataCompleteness":218,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":118,"co2Requirement":119,"growthRate":121,"verificationTags":269,"lastVerifiedAt":30,"lastVerifierName":98,"verificationCount":240,"hasRefetchTag":164},1348,"AQSP001183","针叶苦草","Vallisneria nana",538,"针叶苦草（Vallisneria nana）是水族造景中常见的淡水水草，常用于后景。叶片较窄，适合后景细线条草墙。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F1348\u002Flarge.jpg","20.00-28.00 C","6.50-8.50","20.00-30.00 cm","MIDGROUND","水草通过光合作用生长，不需要投喂；保持稳定光照、基础肥力和水流即可。",[266],"Narrow leaf vallisneria","8.00-25.00","4.00-18.00",[],{"id":271,"speciesCode":272,"canonicalNameZh":273,"scientificName":274,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":275,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":276,"thumbnailUrl":277,"temperatureRange":278,"phRange":279,"sizeRange":98,"careDifficulty":86,"plantPlacement":263,"diet":87,"temperament":88,"feedingNotes":280,"aliases":281,"minimumTankL":82,"ghRange":283,"khRange":284,"lifespanRange":98,"priceRange":98,"priceUnit":98,"dataCompleteness":218,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":121,"co2Requirement":119,"growthRate":117,"verificationTags":285,"lastVerifiedAt":286,"lastVerifierName":287,"verificationCount":288,"hasRefetchTag":164},2063,"AQSP002528","大水兰","Vallisneria natans",1195,"扭兰（学名：Vallisneria natans，别名：苦草）是水鳖科苦草属的沉水草本植物，具匍匐茎和越冬块茎。茎纤细呈白色，直径约2毫米，先端芽浅黄色，叶片基生，线形或带形，长20-200厘米，宽0.5-2厘米，绿色或带紫红色，叶脉5-9条。花单性且雌雄异株，雄佛焰苞卵状圆锥形，雌佛焰苞筒状，受精后螺旋状卷曲，果实圆柱形。该物种分布于中国吉林、河北、陕西至云南等南北大部分省区，也见于伊拉克、印度、日本、马来西亚和澳大利亚等地，常生长于溪沟、河流、池塘、湖泊之中。其繁殖策略与水位梯度变化相关。潘瑛团队在国家自然科学基金项目中以扭兰为模式物种，研究水交换条件对沉水植物定植下限的调控机理，并研发生态修复技术，其异速生长模式、种间竞争机制与水交换率存在关联，磷元素内稳态对其深水适应性具有可塑性调控作用。黎磊团队研究表明其繁殖分配特征受泛洪深度及持续时间影响。扭兰可作为风景区水景的观赏植物、食草性...","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2026\u002F08\u002Fb0ee1b13-44be-40ce-9562-92ae39de3428.jpg","4.00-28.00 C","6.00-8.00","通过根系、叶片或藻体吸收营养，根据新生组织状态少量分次补肥。",[273,282],"Asian tape grass","5.00-18.00","2.00-21.00",[],"2026-08-06 08:12:48","超级管理员",1,{"id":290,"speciesCode":291,"canonicalNameZh":292,"scientificName":293,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":294,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":295,"thumbnailUrl":296,"temperatureRange":297,"phRange":298,"sizeRange":262,"careDifficulty":86,"plantPlacement":116,"diet":87,"temperament":88,"feedingNotes":299,"aliases":300,"minimumTankL":104,"ghRange":283,"khRange":304,"lifespanRange":98,"priceRange":305,"priceUnit":306,"dataCompleteness":218,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":118,"co2Requirement":119,"growthRate":117,"verificationTags":307,"lastVerifiedAt":30,"lastVerifierName":98,"verificationCount":240,"hasRefetchTag":164},1261,"AQSP000837","螺旋苦草","Vallisneria spiralis",7,"叶片细长如带的经典后景水草，生长快、靠匍匐茎迅速成片，是最容易营造「水下草原」的品种。耐低光、不需 CO₂、适应力极强，是新手与大缸背景的首选；缺点是蔓延快需定期疏剪。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F1261\u002Fbaike-overview-species-1261-5ba0eb277c.png","18.00-28.00 C","6.50-8.00","根系发达，以根肥为主（底床基肥\u002F根肥锭），液肥为辅。适应力强，贫瘠底床也能生长但叶片会变窄变短。",[23,301,61,302,23,303],"Italian vallisneria","扁担草","水韭菜","3.00-12.00","1.99-9.90","株",[],{"id":309,"speciesCode":310,"canonicalNameZh":311,"scientificName":312,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":313,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":314,"thumbnailUrl":315,"temperatureRange":260,"phRange":316,"sizeRange":317,"careDifficulty":318,"plantPlacement":263,"diet":87,"temperament":88,"feedingNotes":319,"aliases":320,"minimumTankL":91,"ghRange":326,"khRange":327,"lifespanRange":98,"priceRange":98,"priceUnit":98,"dataCompleteness":218,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":121,"co2Requirement":328,"growthRate":121,"verificationTags":329,"lastVerifiedAt":30,"lastVerifierName":98,"verificationCount":240,"hasRefetchTag":164},2242,"AQSP001663","水筛","Blyxa japonica",1000014,"东亚及东南亚浅水湿地的沉水植物，虽是有茎植物，叶片却从短茎密生而呈莲座状。光照和肥力充足时株形紧凑，叶色可由鲜绿转为青铜或微红。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2078\u002FAQCATF66C968CAF4E437A_6ebacf784e.jpg","5.50-7.50","10.00-20.00 cm","MODERATE","通过底床和水体吸收肥料，需稳定补充宏量与微量元素。",[321,322,323,324,325],"日本水筛","日本箦藻","水筛草","箦藻","细叶箦藻","2.00-15.00","1.00-4.00","RECOMMENDED",[],{"id":331,"speciesCode":332,"canonicalNameZh":333,"scientificName":334,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":335,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":336,"thumbnailUrl":337,"temperatureRange":338,"phRange":339,"sizeRange":340,"careDifficulty":86,"plantPlacement":116,"diet":87,"temperament":88,"feedingNotes":341,"aliases":342,"minimumTankL":104,"ghRange":348,"khRange":349,"lifespanRange":98,"priceRange":98,"priceUnit":98,"dataCompleteness":218,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":350,"co2Requirement":328,"growthRate":121,"verificationTags":351,"lastVerifiedAt":30,"lastVerifierName":98,"verificationCount":240,"hasRefetchTag":164},2343,"AQSP001764","大箦藻","Blyxa novoguineensis",20107,"原产新几内亚的大型沉水性箦藻，株高可达30-50cm，叶片长带形，绿色至红褐色，是水族中极少数的中后景箦藻。与日本箦藻相比体型大、叶更宽，需较强光照与稳定CO2，否则易溶叶；适合软水草缸，繁殖靠匍匐茎。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2179\u002FAQGAP833FB3227C61_4f7abe71fe.jpg","22.00-28.00 C","5.50-7.00","20.00-50.00 cm","通过根系和叶片吸收肥料，根据植物状态补充宏量与微量元素。",[343,344,345,346,347],"新几内亚箦藻","NG箦藻","大叶箦藻","宽叶箦藻","巨人箦藻","2.00-8.00","0.00-4.00","HIGH",[],"zh-CN",[352,354],"en-US",{"missingFields":130,"translatedFields":356,"locale":352,"totalFields":356,"status":357},"27","COMPLETE","2026-10-02 21:49:56"]