[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species-detail:aqsp001828-marsilea-minuta":3},{"id":4,"speciesCode":5,"canonicalNameZh":6,"scientificName":7,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":10,"taxonomicStatus":11,"dataOrigin":12,"dataStatus":13,"primarySourceId":14,"active":15,"summary":16,"aliases":17,"taxonomyNodes":24,"taxonomyPath":65,"taxonomyPathText":64,"habitat":66,"care":75,"morphology":87,"reproduction":91,"plant":96,"careGuide":106,"careSections":115,"compatibility":203,"price":204,"dataCompleteness":205,"mediaAssets":206,"media":220,"relatedSpecies":221,"locale":309,"displayName":6,"commonName":6,"availableLocales":310,"translationCoverage":311,"updatedAt":315},2408,"AQSP001828","迷你田字草","Marsilea minuta","PLANT","FRESHWATER",10014,"ACCEPTED","SOURCE_IMPORTED","VERIFIED",93,true,"亚洲原产的微型水生蕨类，常生于稻田等浅水环境。叶片四枚楔形小叶呈“田”字排列，水中叶宽通常不超过0.5 cm，靠匍匐茎形成1-3 cm高的致密地毯，是前景草皮的热门选择。耐弱光与高温，中等光照并添加CO2时状态更佳。",[18,19,20,21,22,23],"小田字草","四叶田字草","汤匙萍","田字萍","迷你四叶草","迷你苹",[25,31,37,43,49,55,61],{"id":26,"parentId":27,"rankCode":28,"scientificName":29,"chineseName":30,"pathText":29,"displayName":30},760,null,"KINGDOM","Plantae","植物界",{"id":32,"parentId":26,"rankCode":33,"scientificName":34,"chineseName":35,"pathText":36,"displayName":35},761,"PHYLUM","Tracheophyta","维管植物门","Plantae > Tracheophyta",{"id":38,"parentId":32,"rankCode":39,"scientificName":40,"chineseName":41,"pathText":42,"displayName":41},766,"CLASS","Polypodiopsida","薄囊蕨纲","Plantae > Tracheophyta > Polypodiopsida",{"id":44,"parentId":38,"rankCode":45,"scientificName":46,"chineseName":47,"pathText":48,"displayName":47},2855,"ORDER","Salviniales","槐叶苹目","Plantae > Tracheophyta > Polypodiopsida > Salviniales",{"id":50,"parentId":44,"rankCode":51,"scientificName":52,"chineseName":53,"pathText":54,"displayName":53},3512,"FAMILY","Marsileaceae","蘋科","Plantae > Tracheophyta > Polypodiopsida > Salviniales > Marsileaceae",{"id":56,"parentId":50,"rankCode":57,"scientificName":58,"chineseName":59,"pathText":60,"displayName":59},3513,"GENUS","Marsilea","蘋属","Plantae > Tracheophyta > Polypodiopsida > Salviniales > Marsileaceae > Marsilea",{"id":62,"parentId":56,"rankCode":63,"scientificName":7,"chineseName":6,"pathText":64,"displayName":6},6395,"SPECIES","Plantae > Tracheophyta > Polypodiopsida > Salviniales > Marsileaceae > Marsilea > Marsilea minuta",[30,35,41,47,53,59,6],{"salinity":9,"distribution":67,"naturalHabitat":68,"waterLayer":69,"currentPreference":70,"substratePreference":71,"depthMinM":71,"depthMaxM":71,"phMin":71,"phMax":71,"ghMinD":71,"ghMaxD":71,"distributionRegionsJson":72,"habitatType":73,"temperatureMinC":71,"temperatureMaxC":71,"temperature":74},"亚洲（印度、巴基斯坦、中国台湾等）以及马达加斯加、塞内加尔、坦桑尼亚、巴西、美国等地有记录；常生于稻田、沟渠、浅水沼泽等周期性湿地。","常生于稻田、沟渠、浅水沼泽及静水边缘，底质多为细粒泥土，水位随季节波动。","BOTTOM","UNKNOWN","","[\"巴基斯坦\", \"台湾\", \"马达加斯加\", \"印度\", \"美国\", \"塞内加尔\", \"坦桑尼亚\", \"巴西\"]","稻田、沟渠、沼泽等周期性湿地及静水边缘","?-? C",{"salinity":9,"difficulty":76,"diet":77,"temperament":70,"socialBehavior":78,"swimmingLayer":79,"minimumTankL":71,"temperatureMinC":80,"temperatureMaxC":81,"phMin":82,"phMax":83,"ghMinD":71,"ghMaxD":71,"khMinD":71,"khMaxD":71,"minimumGroupSize":71,"feedingNotes":84,"compatibilityNotes":85,"careNotes":86},"MODERATE","AUTOTROPH","NOT_APPLICABLE","ATTACHED","20.00","28.00","5.50","7.50","通过根系和叶片吸收养分；每周添加1-2次综合液肥，缺铁或钾时新叶易发黄，可额外补充铁、钾肥。忌过量施肥，以免藻类暴发。","可与小型温和鱼虾混养，但大型草食性鱼类（如金鱼、大型慈鲷）会啃食或连根拔起，应避免。虾类偶尔啃食嫩叶，需观察。","建议细颗粒水草泥或沙质底床，中等光照，CO2可选低量添加；无CO2也能存活但生长较慢。定期修剪过密匍匐茎，防止底层叶片遮光发黄。",{"maxLengthCm":71,"averageLengthCm":71,"lifespanMinYears":71,"lifespanMaxYears":71,"bodyShape":88,"coloration":89,"distinguishingFeatures":90,"sexualDimorphism":71},"多年生水生蕨类，具细长横走匍匐茎；茎节处生根并长出短柄叶，单株呈小丛，整体沿底床蔓延形成垫状。","叶片绿色，幼叶常卷曲如蕨类；四片楔形小叶十字对生，叶宽通常不超过0.5 cm，水中叶更细小、柄稍伸长。","四枚小叶组成“田”字，株高仅1-3 cm（水上叶可略高至5 cm），是前景草皮中最小巧的蕨类之一；与同属其他种相比叶片更窄小。",{"reproductionMode":92,"breedingDifficulty":76,"spawningType":93,"breedingSeason":71,"incubationDaysMin":71,"incubationDaysMax":71,"clutchSizeMin":71,"clutchSizeMax":71,"parentalCare":94,"breedingNotes":95},"VEGETATIVE","匍匐茎分株（营养繁殖），偶见孢子繁殖","待复验","通过匍匐茎节上发根形成新株，剪取带1-2个节的茎段重新植入底床即可。分株后保持中等光照和水质稳定，新芽约1-2周扎根并开始扩展。",{"growthForm":97,"placement":98,"growthRate":99,"lightRequirement":99,"co2Requirement":100,"heightMinCm":101,"heightMaxCm":102,"substrateRequirement":103,"nutrientDemand":99,"propagationMethod":104,"plantNotes":105},"CARPET","FOREGROUND","MEDIUM","OPTIONAL","3.00","5.00","细颗粒底床或水体液肥","沿匍匐茎分株（剪取带节茎段重新植入）","原产亚洲，常生于稻田；耐弱光和高温，改善条件后生长更佳。水中叶细小，形成1-3 cm高地毯，可用作前景草皮；CO2需求低。",{"setupNotes":107,"waterChangeNotes":108,"densityNotes":109,"acclimationNotes":110,"feedingSummary":111,"commonMistakes":112,"completeness":113,"status":114},"适合用作前景草皮。建议细颗粒水草泥或沙质底床，厚度至少2-3 cm。光照中等，CO2低量添加可明显加快成景；无CO2也能存活但速度较慢。","每周换水20-30%，保持水质稳定。转水期避免大幅换水，以免水中叶因水质波动而溶失。","以小束间隔2-3 cm种植，匍匐茎会逐渐连接成片；初期可密植加速成景，地毯形成后需疏剪过密部分，保持底部通透。","水上叶入缸前先适应高湿环境，转水期会有一部分老叶溶失，可先剪去部分老叶；保持CO2供应和稳定光照，促进新水中叶生长。","每周添加1-2次综合液肥；出现新叶发黄、叶脉间失绿时补充铁肥和钾肥。忌过量。","① 水上叶直接深水种植且无CO2，导致大量溶叶；② 光照过弱造成茎节拉长、叶片稀疏；③ 过度加肥引发藻类附着；④ 底床颗粒过粗或根系未固定，导致植株漂浮。","100","REVIEW_PENDING",[116,131,150,168,186],{"id":117,"type":118,"title":119,"sortOrder":120,"payload":121},8805,"TIMELINE","入缸节奏",10,[122,125,128],{"phase":123,"content":124},"入缸前","将水上叶植株在高湿环境中适应，剪去受损老叶。铺设细颗粒底床，加水时缓缓注入，避免冲散底床。",{"phase":126,"content":127},"转水期","保持中等光照和低量CO2，前1-2周可能有老叶溶失，不必惊慌。每周换水20%，水温控制在20-28℃，等待新水中叶长出。",{"phase":129,"content":130},"稳定后","新叶呈现细小的“田”字并沿匍匐茎扩展。此时可每周添加液肥，定期修剪过密部分，保持地毯平整。",{"id":132,"type":133,"title":134,"sortOrder":135,"payload":136},8806,"CHECKLIST","养好清单",20,[137,139,141,144,146,148],{"item":138,"must":15},"细颗粒水草泥或沙质底床，厚度2-3 cm",{"item":140,"must":15},"中等光照（建议每升0.5-0.8W\u002FLED或等效）",{"item":142,"must":143},"CO2低量添加（非必须，但有助于成景）",false,{"item":145,"must":143},"每周1-2次综合液肥",{"item":147,"must":15},"定期修剪过密匍匐茎",{"item":149,"must":15},"避免与大型草食性鱼类混养",{"id":151,"type":152,"title":153,"sortOrder":154,"payload":155},8807,"FAQ","常见问题",30,[156,159,162,165],{"a":157,"q":158},"非必须。它能在低CO2环境中存活，但添加低量CO2并配合中等光照，生长更快、地毯更密实。","迷你田字草需要CO2吗？",{"a":160,"q":161},"可以，但会经历转水期，部分老叶溶失是正常现象。剪去老叶、保持稳定水质和CO2，约1-2周后会长出新的水中叶。","水上叶可以直接种进鱼缸吗？",{"a":163,"q":164},"很可能是缺铁或缺钾。补充含铁、钾的液肥，同时检查光照是否过弱或过强，并保持水质稳定。","为什么我的迷你田字草叶子发黄？",{"a":166,"q":167},"可以和小型温和鱼虾混养，但大型草食性鱼类（如金鱼、大型慈鲷）会啃食或连根拔起，应避免。","它能和鱼混养吗？",{"id":169,"type":170,"title":171,"sortOrder":172,"payload":173},8808,"DISEASE","常见问题与防治",40,[174,178,182],{"name":175,"action":176,"trigger":177},"缺铁性黄叶","补充铁肥，适当降低pH至6.0-7.0，加强换水并检查底床肥力。","铁元素不足或pH偏高抑制铁吸收",{"name":179,"action":180,"trigger":181},"溶叶（转水期或水质波动）","剪去溶失叶片，保持水质稳定，减少换水幅度，等待新叶长出。","水上叶转水或换水量过大、温度骤变",{"name":183,"action":184,"trigger":185},"藻类附着","减少光照时长或强度，暂停液肥，适量添加CO2，人工清除藻类或引入食藻生物。","光照过强或施肥过量、CO2不足",{"id":187,"type":188,"title":189,"sortOrder":190,"payload":191},8809,"WARNING","混养与风险提醒",50,[192,196,200],{"text":193,"level":194,"reason":195},"禁与大型草食性鱼类混养","BAD","金鱼、大型慈鲷等会啃食叶片并连根拔起，导致植株死亡。",{"text":197,"level":198,"reason":199},"转水期避免强光暴晒","CAUTION","强光会加速老叶溶失并引发藻类，应使用中等光照并逐步适应。",{"text":201,"level":198,"reason":202},"不要过量施肥","肥力过剩会诱发藻类在细小叶片上附着，影响光合作用。",[],{},100,[207],{"id":208,"mediaType":209,"usageType":210,"title":211,"caption":212,"remoteUrl":213,"localPath":214,"mimeType":215,"copyrightHolder":216,"licenseNote":217,"sortOrder":218,"sourceId":219},6922,"IMAGE","PRIMARY","迷你田字草（Marsilea minuta）","学名匹配开放授权图；来源记录：https:\u002F\u002Fwww.inaturalist.org\u002Fobservations\u002F125453025","https:\u002F\u002Finaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fphotos\u002F212749722\u002Flarge.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2323\u002FAQSP001828_f4693ba48c.jpg","image\u002Fjpeg","何小花","CC-BY",0,95,{},[222,242,260,280,298],{"id":223,"speciesCode":224,"canonicalNameZh":225,"scientificName":226,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":227,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":228,"thumbnailUrl":229,"temperatureRange":230,"phRange":231,"sizeRange":232,"careDifficulty":233,"plantPlacement":98,"diet":77,"temperament":70,"feedingNotes":234,"aliases":235,"minimumTankL":71,"ghRange":71,"khRange":71,"lifespanRange":71,"priceRange":71,"priceUnit":71,"dataCompleteness":205,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":99,"co2Requirement":100,"growthRate":99,"verificationTags":241,"lastVerifiedAt":27,"lastVerifierName":71,"verificationCount":218,"hasRefetchTag":143},2974,"AQSP002394","四叶幸运草","Marsilea crenata",10500,"原产于东南亚及大洋洲的多年生水生蕨类，水下叶四裂如四叶草，高度通常仅 2-10 cm，靠匍匐茎蔓延成前景地毯；适宜 20-28℃、pH 5.5-7.5，不添加 CO2 也能生长，是中小型草缸的常见前景草。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2889\u002FAQSP002394_07b188d463.jpg","20.00-28.00 C","5.50-7.50","2.00-10.00 cm","EASY","通过根系和叶片吸收养分，定期添加含氮磷钾及微量元素的液肥或根肥。",[236,237,238,239,240,22],"四叶草水草","幸运草水草","水族四叶草","澳洲四叶草","矮四叶苹",[],{"id":243,"speciesCode":244,"canonicalNameZh":245,"scientificName":246,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":247,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":248,"thumbnailUrl":249,"temperatureRange":230,"phRange":250,"sizeRange":251,"careDifficulty":233,"plantPlacement":98,"diet":77,"temperament":70,"feedingNotes":252,"aliases":253,"minimumTankL":256,"ghRange":71,"khRange":257,"lifespanRange":71,"priceRange":71,"priceUnit":71,"dataCompleteness":205,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":258,"co2Requirement":100,"growthRate":99,"verificationTags":259,"lastVerifiedAt":27,"lastVerifierName":71,"verificationCount":218,"hasRefetchTag":143},1324,"AQSP001159","田字草","Marsilea hirsuta",233,"田字草（Marsilea hirsuta）是水族造景中常见的淡水水草，常用于前景。适合低技术前景，成景慢但稳定，外观随水上\u002F水下状态变化。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F1324\u002Fbaike-overview-species-1324-30844b2456.jpg","6.00-7.50","5.00-20.00 cm","水草通过光合作用生长，不需要投喂；保持稳定光照、基础肥力和水流即可。",[254,255],"Dwarf four leaf clover","澳洲田字草","10.00","2.00-10.00","LOW",[],{"id":261,"speciesCode":262,"canonicalNameZh":263,"scientificName":264,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":265,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":266,"thumbnailUrl":267,"temperatureRange":268,"phRange":250,"sizeRange":269,"careDifficulty":233,"plantPlacement":270,"diet":77,"temperament":70,"feedingNotes":271,"aliases":272,"minimumTankL":71,"ghRange":277,"khRange":278,"lifespanRange":71,"priceRange":71,"priceUnit":71,"dataCompleteness":205,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":99,"co2Requirement":100,"growthRate":99,"verificationTags":279,"lastVerifiedAt":27,"lastVerifierName":71,"verificationCount":218,"hasRefetchTag":143},2975,"AQSP002395","四叶苹","Marsilea quadrifolia",10501,"原产欧亚大陆温带至亚热带的多年生水生蕨类，叶片由四片倒三角形小叶组成，形似四叶草，故得名。可沉水、浮叶或挺水生长，耐寒性强，水族箱中易栽培，常作中景或前景，是入门级水草。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2890\u002FAQSP002395_16212a48ea.jpg","15.00-28.00 C","10.00-30.00 cm","MIDGROUND","通过根系和叶片吸收养分，建议定期添加含氮、磷、钾及微量元素的液肥；缺铁时新叶发黄。",[273,274,275,276,245,21],"十字草","南国田字草","四叶草","四瓣草","2.00-15.00","1.00-8.00",[],{"id":281,"speciesCode":282,"canonicalNameZh":283,"scientificName":284,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":285,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":286,"thumbnailUrl":287,"temperatureRange":230,"phRange":231,"sizeRange":288,"careDifficulty":233,"plantPlacement":289,"diet":77,"temperament":70,"feedingNotes":290,"aliases":291,"minimumTankL":71,"ghRange":71,"khRange":71,"lifespanRange":71,"priceRange":71,"priceUnit":71,"dataCompleteness":205,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":258,"co2Requirement":100,"growthRate":99,"verificationTags":297,"lastVerifiedAt":27,"lastVerifierName":71,"verificationCount":218,"hasRefetchTag":143},2412,"AQSP001832","迷你槐叶萍","Salvinia minima",10018,"迷你槐叶萍（Salvinia minima）是原产美洲热带和亚热带的小型浮水蕨类，叶长1-3厘米，株高3-5厘米。低光即可生长，无需CO2，能快速覆盖水面、遮光防藻，适合开放缸。缺素时叶片变黄，是观察营养状况的指示植物。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2327\u002FAQSP001832_ba3e75ed84.jpg","3.00-5.00 cm","FLOATING","通过根系和叶片吸收水体中的氮、磷及微量元素；生长旺盛期每周添加全效液肥，缺素时叶色变黄。",[292,293,294,292,295,296],"小槐叶萍","南美槐叶萍","小叶槐叶萍","槐叶萍","水浮萍",[],{"id":299,"speciesCode":300,"canonicalNameZh":295,"scientificName":301,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":302,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":303,"thumbnailUrl":304,"temperatureRange":230,"phRange":250,"sizeRange":71,"careDifficulty":233,"plantPlacement":289,"diet":77,"temperament":70,"feedingNotes":252,"aliases":305,"minimumTankL":256,"ghRange":71,"khRange":257,"lifespanRange":71,"priceRange":71,"priceUnit":71,"dataCompleteness":205,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":99,"co2Requirement":307,"growthRate":99,"verificationTags":308,"lastVerifiedAt":27,"lastVerifierName":71,"verificationCount":218,"hasRefetchTag":143},1378,"AQSP001213","Salvinia natans",239,"槐叶萍（Salvinia natans）是水族造景中常见的淡水水草，常用于浮水区。成对小叶漂浮，适合弱光遮蔽和吸肥。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F1378\u002Fbaike-overview-species-1378-141d4a878c.jpg",[306],"Floating fern","RECOMMENDED",[],"zh-CN",[309],{"missingFields":312,"translatedFields":313,"locale":309,"totalFields":313,"status":314},"0","19","COMPLETE","2026-10-04 00:45:06"]