[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species-detail:aqsp002064-pacifastacus-leniusculus":3},{"id":4,"speciesCode":5,"canonicalNameZh":6,"scientificName":7,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":10,"taxonomicStatus":11,"dataOrigin":12,"dataStatus":13,"primarySourceId":14,"active":15,"summary":16,"aliases":17,"taxonomyNodes":23,"taxonomyPath":63,"taxonomyPathText":62,"habitat":64,"care":80,"morphology":91,"reproduction":96,"plant":104,"careGuide":105,"careSections":113,"compatibility":200,"price":201,"dataCompleteness":14,"mediaAssets":202,"media":216,"relatedSpecies":217,"locale":300,"displayName":6,"commonName":6,"availableLocales":301,"translationCoverage":302,"updatedAt":306},2644,"AQSP002064","信号螯虾","Pacifastacus leniusculus","SHRIMP","FRESHWATER",10170,"ACCEPTED","SOURCE_IMPORTED","VERIFIED",100,true,"原产北美西部太平洋沿岸的大型冷水螯虾，已被引入法国、英国等欧洲多国并成为入侵种。成体体长可达18厘米，螯关节具明显白色信号斑，性情凶猛、领地性强，会捕食小鱼并同类相食，需冷水单养。",[18,19,20,21,22],"太平洋螯虾","信号虾","加州螯虾","北美白斑螯虾","白斑螯虾",[24,30,36,42,48,54,59],{"id":25,"parentId":26,"rankCode":27,"scientificName":28,"chineseName":29,"pathText":28,"displayName":29},1,null,"KINGDOM","Animalia","动物界",{"id":31,"parentId":25,"rankCode":32,"scientificName":33,"chineseName":34,"pathText":35,"displayName":34},4,"PHYLUM","Arthropoda","节肢动物门","Animalia > Arthropoda",{"id":37,"parentId":31,"rankCode":38,"scientificName":39,"chineseName":40,"pathText":41,"displayName":40},8,"CLASS","Malacostraca","软甲纲","Animalia > Arthropoda > Malacostraca",{"id":43,"parentId":37,"rankCode":44,"scientificName":45,"chineseName":46,"pathText":47,"displayName":46},567,"ORDER","Decapoda","十足目","Animalia > Arthropoda > Malacostraca > Decapoda",{"id":49,"parentId":43,"rankCode":50,"scientificName":51,"chineseName":52,"pathText":53,"displayName":51},6025,"FAMILY","Astacidae","","Animalia > Arthropoda > Malacostraca > Decapoda > Astacidae",{"id":55,"parentId":49,"rankCode":56,"scientificName":57,"chineseName":52,"pathText":58,"displayName":57},6251,"GENUS","Pacifastacus","Animalia > Arthropoda > Malacostraca > Decapoda > Astacidae > Pacifastacus",{"id":60,"parentId":55,"rankCode":61,"scientificName":7,"chineseName":6,"pathText":62,"displayName":6},6631,"SPECIES","Animalia > Arthropoda > Malacostraca > Decapoda > Astacidae > Pacifastacus > Pacifastacus leniusculus",[29,34,40,46,51,57,6],{"salinity":9,"distribution":65,"naturalHabitat":66,"waterLayer":67,"currentPreference":68,"substratePreference":69,"depthMinM":70,"depthMaxM":71,"phMin":72,"phMax":73,"ghMinD":74,"ghMaxD":75,"distributionRegionsJson":76,"habitatType":77,"temperatureMinC":73,"temperatureMaxC":78,"temperature":79},"原产于美国西部太平洋沿岸（从加利福尼亚至华盛顿州等地），现已入侵法国、英国、瑞典、比利时、瑞士、卢森堡、奥地利等欧洲国家。","栖息于冷凉、清澈、富氧的溪流、河流和湖泊，偏好有石块、沉木和植物根系的底质，常挖掘洞穴藏身。","BOTTOM","MODERATE","砾石、卵石与沉木","0.20","3.00","6.50","8.00","4.00","18.00","[\"法国\", \"英国\", \"瑞典\", \"美国\", \"比利时\", \"瑞士\", \"卢森堡\", \"奥地利\"]","冷水溪流 \u002F 河流 \u002F 湖泊","20.00","8.00-20.00 C",{"salinity":9,"difficulty":68,"diet":81,"temperament":82,"socialBehavior":83,"swimmingLayer":67,"minimumTankL":84,"temperatureMinC":85,"temperatureMaxC":86,"phMin":72,"phMax":73,"ghMinD":74,"ghMaxD":75,"khMinD":52,"khMaxD":52,"minimumGroupSize":87,"feedingNotes":88,"compatibilityNotes":89,"careNotes":90},"OMNIVORE","PREDATORY","SOLITARY","80.00","12.00","22.00","1","杂食偏肉食，可投喂沉底颗粒、红虫、虾肉、螺类及煮熟的蔬菜；会主动捕食小鱼、小虾和螺，需定期补充钙质以利脱壳。","不能与小型鱼、灯科鱼、小虾或行动缓慢的底栖鱼混养，会被捕食；同类相食严重，必须单养，即使一雌一雄也仅在交配期短暂合缸。","需要冷水、高溶氧和坚硬水质；避免水温长期超过24°C，水质剧变易导致应激或脱壳失败。",{"maxLengthCm":75,"averageLengthCm":85,"lifespanMinYears":73,"lifespanMaxYears":85,"bodyShape":92,"coloration":93,"distinguishingFeatures":94,"sexualDimorphism":95},"典型螯虾体型：头胸部粗壮，腹部分节，尾扇发达；一对大螯粗壮有力，整体造型厚实。","体色多为橄榄绿、棕褐色或蓝灰色，随环境和水质变化；螯部内侧关节处有一块明显的白色或浅色斑块（信号斑），为本种标志。","螯上白色信号斑是本种最显著特征，可与欧洲本土螯虾（如奥斯塔螯虾）相区别；体型更大，且携带螯虾瘟疫病原，对欧洲本土螯虾构成严重威胁。","雄虾螯足更宽大，第五步足基部具生殖肢；雌虾腹部更宽阔，抱卵时腹肢上可见成串卵粒。",{"reproductionMode":97,"breedingDifficulty":98,"spawningType":99,"breedingSeason":52,"incubationDaysMin":52,"incubationDaysMax":52,"clutchSizeMin":100,"clutchSizeMax":101,"parentalCare":102,"breedingNotes":103},"EGG_LAYER","HARD","抱卵型，雌虾将受精卵粘附于腹肢上直至孵化","100","400","待复验","繁殖需要明显的低温季节变化刺激；雌虾在秋冬交配，春季产卵并抱于腹肢，孵化期随水温而异，冷水条件下可达数周。幼虾孵化后先附着母体，数周后独立生活。",{"plantNotes":52},{"setupNotes":106,"waterChangeNotes":107,"densityNotes":108,"acclimationNotes":109,"feedingSummary":110,"commonMistakes":111,"completeness":100,"status":112},"80L以上单养缸，底部铺设细砂与石块，放置陶罐、沉木或PVC管作为洞穴；需冷水机或放置于阴凉环境，保持水温不超过22°C最佳，过滤强劲并确保高溶氧。","每周换水25-30%，用吸管清除残饵和粪便；螯虾对氨氮和亚硝酸盐敏感，换水时避免温度波动过大。","必须单养一只；即便大缸多躲避，也不建议长期混养同种，以免打斗和残杀。","过水至少1小时，采用缓慢滴流方式使水质和温度逐渐一致；避免将螯虾直接倒入缸中，温差和水质剧变可能引发应激。","每日喂食1次，以沉底饲料为主，搭配冷冻红虫、虾肉、螺类和蔬菜；喂食后2小时移除残饵，避免污染水质。","① 与小鱼或同类混养，造成捕食或打斗伤亡；② 水温长期超过24°C或没有降温措施，导致热应激死亡；③ 水体硬度过低或缺钙，造成脱壳失败；④ 未加盖或未提供足够隐蔽处，螯虾会越狱或应激。","REVIEW_PENDING",[114,129,147,165,183],{"id":115,"type":116,"title":117,"sortOrder":118,"payload":119},9985,"TIMELINE","入缸节奏",10,[120,123,126],{"phase":121,"content":122},"入缸前","准备80L以上单养缸，铺设底砂、放置洞穴和沉木，安装强劲过滤并开启冷水机，将水温调至12-22°C，水质参数调整至pH 6.5-8.0、GH 4-18，运行至少2周建立硝化系统。",{"phase":124,"content":125},"入缸","将螯虾连同运输袋漂浮于缸中20分钟平衡温度，随后用滴流法缓慢过水至少1小时，使水质逐步接近缸内环境。入缸后关灯数小时减少应激，不要立即喂食。",{"phase":127,"content":128},"稳定后","24-48小时后可尝试投喂少量沉底饲料或红虫，观察进食情况和活动状态。每周换水25-30%，定期检测氨氮和硬度，补充钙质。螯虾会在夜间活跃，白天多藏于洞穴。",{"id":130,"type":131,"title":132,"sortOrder":133,"payload":134},9986,"CHECKLIST","养好清单",20,[135,137,139,141,143,145],{"item":136,"must":15},"单养缸，容积≥80L",{"item":138,"must":15},"冷水设备或环境，水温≤22°C",{"item":140,"must":15},"提供至少2-3处洞穴或隐蔽所",{"item":142,"must":15},"高溶氧过滤与定期换水",{"item":144,"must":15},"含钙饲料或钙质补充",{"item":146,"must":15},"缸盖严密防逃",{"id":148,"type":149,"title":150,"sortOrder":151,"payload":152},9987,"FAQ","常见问题",30,[153,156,159,162],{"a":154,"q":155},"不可以。信号螯虾是伏击型捕食者，会捕食小型鱼和行动缓慢的底栖鱼，大型鱼也可能攻击螯虾。建议单养。","信号螯虾可以和鱼混养吗？",{"a":157,"q":158},"不需要，反而需要降温。本种来自北美冷水环境，最适饲养水温15-20°C，长期超过24°C会导致死亡。夏季必须用冷水机或风扇降温。","信号螯虾需要加热棒吗？",{"a":160,"q":161},"可能正在脱壳前后，螯虾脱壳前会停食1-3天，脱壳后数天内也会躲藏，此时不要投喂并保持安静，等新壳硬化后再喂。","为什么我的信号螯虾不吃东西？",{"a":163,"q":164},"不能，同类领地性极强，会互相残杀，尤其是在脱壳时极易被另一只攻击。除非在非常大的水体并有大量分隔，否则只能养一只。","信号螯虾能两只一起养吗？",{"id":166,"type":167,"title":168,"sortOrder":169,"payload":170},9988,"DISEASE","常见问题与防治",40,[171,175,179],{"name":172,"action":173,"trigger":174},"脱壳失败","立即检查GH是否低于4，补充钙质（如螯虾专用钙片或珊瑚骨），保持水温稳定，避免干扰；若发现旧壳仅部分脱离，不要强行剥离，等待自然完成。","水体硬度或钙含量不足、温度波动、营养不良",{"name":176,"action":177,"trigger":178},"甲壳溃疡病","移入独立检疫容器，检测并稳定水质、减少刺激；无脊椎动物对多种药物敏感，不要在主缸盲目用药。","水质恶化或外伤感染",{"name":180,"action":181,"trigger":182},"白斑综合征病毒","无有效治疗，一旦确诊立即安乐死并彻底消毒缸体及器具，防止传播。","引入带病个体或交叉感染",{"id":184,"type":185,"title":186,"sortOrder":187,"payload":188},9989,"WARNING","混养与风险提醒",50,[189,193,196],{"text":190,"level":191,"reason":192},"严禁与任何小型鱼、虾、螺混养","BAD","信号螯虾是机会主义捕食者，会捕食所有能抓住的小型水生动物。",{"text":194,"level":191,"reason":195},"不可放生到自然水体","本种为全球百大入侵物种之一，对本土螯虾和生态系统破坏极大，且携带螯虾瘟疫病原。",{"text":197,"level":198,"reason":199},"注意螯虾越狱逃跑","CAUTION","螯虾可沿气管、过滤器爬出缸外，离水后能存活数小时，必须加盖并将管线孔隙封堵。",[],{},[203],{"id":204,"mediaType":205,"usageType":206,"title":207,"caption":208,"remoteUrl":209,"localPath":210,"mimeType":211,"copyrightHolder":212,"licenseNote":213,"sortOrder":214,"sourceId":215},7151,"IMAGE","PRIMARY","信号螯虾（Pacifastacus leniusculus）","学名匹配开放授权图；来源记录：https:\u002F\u002Fwww.inaturalist.org\u002Fobservations\u002F49382258","https:\u002F\u002Finaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fphotos\u002F78391702\u002Flarge.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2559\u002FAQSP002064_85ce02f4a4.jpg","image\u002Fjpeg","Parsa Fard","CC-BY",0,102,{},[218,240,256,267,279],{"id":219,"speciesCode":220,"canonicalNameZh":221,"scientificName":222,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":223,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":224,"thumbnailUrl":225,"temperatureRange":226,"phRange":227,"sizeRange":228,"careDifficulty":68,"plantPlacement":52,"diet":81,"temperament":229,"feedingNotes":230,"aliases":231,"minimumTankL":234,"ghRange":235,"khRange":236,"lifespanRange":237,"priceRange":52,"priceUnit":52,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":52,"co2Requirement":52,"growthRate":52,"verificationTags":238,"lastVerifiedAt":26,"lastVerifierName":52,"verificationCount":214,"hasRefetchTag":239},552,"AQSP000552","加彭匙指虾","Atya gabonensis",918,"加彭匙指虾（Atya gabonensis）是一种淡水观赏虾。性情温和，可群养。饲养难度为中等。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F552\u002F185-discern.jpg","26.00-30.00 C","6.50-8.00","1.80-2.50 cm","PEACEFUL","杂食性，可投喂专用虾粮、藻饼、丰年虾及适量蔬菜。注意补充矿物质以利于脱壳。",[232,233],"非洲巨人网球虾","巨型蓝网球虾","30.00","6.00-14.00","3.00-10.00","2.00-4.00",[],false,{"id":241,"speciesCode":242,"canonicalNameZh":243,"scientificName":244,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":245,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":246,"thumbnailUrl":247,"temperatureRange":248,"phRange":227,"sizeRange":249,"careDifficulty":68,"plantPlacement":52,"diet":81,"temperament":229,"feedingNotes":250,"aliases":251,"minimumTankL":252,"ghRange":253,"khRange":52,"lifespanRange":254,"priceRange":52,"priceUnit":52,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":52,"co2Requirement":52,"growthRate":52,"verificationTags":255,"lastVerifiedAt":26,"lastVerifierName":52,"verificationCount":214,"hasRefetchTag":239},2986,"AQSP002406","无害虾","Atya innocous",10512,"无害虾（Atya innocous）是分布于瓜德罗普、多米尼克、巴拿马、波多黎各、特立尼达和多巴哥、马提尼克、牙买加、墨西哥的滤食型米虾，前肢具扇状滤食结构，喜欢有稳定水流的水域。建议水温20–28℃、pH 6.5–8；饲养时应重点保持水质稳定。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2901\u002FAQSP002406_24b990b803.jpg","20.00-28.00 C","5.00-7.00 cm","提供能随水流悬浮的微粒饲料，避免只投喂大颗粒",[],"40.00","4.00-18.00","3.00-5.00",[],{"id":257,"speciesCode":258,"canonicalNameZh":259,"scientificName":260,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":261,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":262,"thumbnailUrl":263,"temperatureRange":226,"phRange":227,"sizeRange":228,"careDifficulty":68,"plantPlacement":52,"diet":81,"temperament":229,"feedingNotes":230,"aliases":264,"minimumTankL":234,"ghRange":235,"khRange":236,"lifespanRange":237,"priceRange":52,"priceUnit":52,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":52,"co2Requirement":52,"growthRate":52,"verificationTags":266,"lastVerifiedAt":26,"lastVerifierName":52,"verificationCount":214,"hasRefetchTag":239},565,"AQSP000565","粗糙匙指虾[暂]","Atya scabra",1081,"粗糙匙指虾[暂]（Atya scabra）是一种淡水观赏虾。性情温和，可群养。饲养难度为中等。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F565\u002F476-original.jpg",[265,265],"非洲麻花网球虾",[],{"id":268,"speciesCode":269,"canonicalNameZh":270,"scientificName":271,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":272,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":273,"thumbnailUrl":274,"temperatureRange":226,"phRange":227,"sizeRange":228,"careDifficulty":68,"plantPlacement":52,"diet":81,"temperament":229,"feedingNotes":230,"aliases":275,"minimumTankL":234,"ghRange":235,"khRange":236,"lifespanRange":237,"priceRange":52,"priceUnit":52,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":52,"co2Requirement":52,"growthRate":52,"verificationTags":278,"lastVerifiedAt":26,"lastVerifierName":52,"verificationCount":214,"hasRefetchTag":239},566,"AQSP000566","石纹类匙指虾","Atyoida pilipes",1082,"石纹类匙指虾（Atyoida pilipes）是一种淡水观赏虾。性情温和，可群养。饲养难度为中等。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F566\u002F197-discern.jpg",[276,277,276],"琥珀网球虾","毛足近似虾",[],{"id":280,"speciesCode":281,"canonicalNameZh":282,"scientificName":283,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":284,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":285,"thumbnailUrl":286,"temperatureRange":287,"phRange":288,"sizeRange":52,"careDifficulty":68,"plantPlacement":52,"diet":81,"temperament":229,"feedingNotes":289,"aliases":290,"minimumTankL":252,"ghRange":297,"khRange":298,"lifespanRange":237,"priceRange":52,"priceUnit":52,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":52,"co2Requirement":52,"growthRate":52,"verificationTags":299,"lastVerifiedAt":26,"lastVerifierName":52,"verificationCount":214,"hasRefetchTag":239},553,"AQSP000553","网球虾","Atyopsis moluccensis",1079,"原产东南亚热带溪流的滤食性淡水虾，以特化为扇状的前两对步足过滤水流中的微粒为食；体长可达10cm，体色红褐至深棕，常带浅色背线。饲养需中等以上水流和悬浮食物，淡水缸中无法繁殖（幼体需降海），属于中等难度。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F553\u002FAQSP000553_70077d3baa.jpg","22.00-28.00 C","6.50-7.50","提供生物膜、专用颗粒及植物性补饲，滤食或捕食种需单独复验。",[291,292,293,294,295,296],"木纹网球虾","木球虾","竹子虾","竹节虾","过滤器虾","亚洲扇虾","6.00-18.00","2.00-8.00",[],"zh-CN",[300],{"missingFields":303,"translatedFields":304,"locale":300,"totalFields":304,"status":305},"0","18","COMPLETE","2026-10-04 00:45:06"]