[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species-detail:aqsp002072-thiara-cancellata":3},{"id":4,"speciesCode":5,"canonicalNameZh":6,"scientificName":7,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":10,"taxonomicStatus":11,"dataOrigin":12,"dataStatus":13,"primarySourceId":14,"active":15,"summary":16,"aliases":17,"taxonomyNodes":23,"taxonomyPath":64,"taxonomyPathText":63,"habitat":65,"care":80,"morphology":89,"reproduction":98,"plant":104,"careGuide":105,"careSections":114,"compatibility":198,"price":199,"dataCompleteness":200,"mediaAssets":201,"media":215,"relatedSpecies":216,"locale":321,"displayName":6,"commonName":6,"availableLocales":322,"translationCoverage":323,"updatedAt":327},2652,"AQSP002072","网格塔蜷","Thiara cancellata","SNAIL","FRESHWATER",10178,"ACCEPTED","SOURCE_IMPORTED","VERIFIED",100,true,"原产于菲律宾、印度尼西亚、所罗门群岛、中国等西太平洋岛屿淡水水域，贝壳具典型网格状雕刻，底栖生活，以生物膜和有机碎屑为食。对水质波动敏感，饲养需保持稳定，是观赏性较强的淡水塔螺。",[18,19,20,21,22],"塔螺","网格塔螺","菲律宾塔螺","锥蜷","马来塔螺",[24,30,36,42,48,54,60],{"id":25,"parentId":26,"rankCode":27,"scientificName":28,"chineseName":29,"pathText":28,"displayName":29},1,null,"KINGDOM","Animalia","动物界",{"id":31,"parentId":25,"rankCode":32,"scientificName":33,"chineseName":34,"pathText":35,"displayName":34},5,"PHYLUM","Mollusca","软体动物门","Animalia > Mollusca",{"id":37,"parentId":31,"rankCode":38,"scientificName":39,"chineseName":40,"pathText":41,"displayName":40},9,"CLASS","Gastropoda","腹足纲","Animalia > Mollusca > Gastropoda",{"id":43,"parentId":37,"rankCode":44,"scientificName":45,"chineseName":46,"pathText":47,"displayName":46},5544,"ORDER","Unresolved","分类待确认","Animalia > Mollusca > Gastropoda > Unresolved",{"id":49,"parentId":43,"rankCode":50,"scientificName":51,"chineseName":52,"pathText":53,"displayName":52},5605,"FAMILY","Thiaridae","锥蜷科","Animalia > Mollusca > Gastropoda > Unresolved > Thiaridae",{"id":55,"parentId":49,"rankCode":56,"scientificName":57,"chineseName":58,"pathText":59,"displayName":57},6258,"GENUS","Thiara","","Animalia > Mollusca > Gastropoda > Unresolved > Thiaridae > Thiara",{"id":61,"parentId":55,"rankCode":62,"scientificName":7,"chineseName":6,"pathText":63,"displayName":6},6639,"SPECIES","Animalia > Mollusca > Gastropoda > Unresolved > Thiaridae > Thiara > Thiara cancellata",[29,34,40,46,52,57,6],{"salinity":9,"distribution":66,"naturalHabitat":67,"waterLayer":68,"currentPreference":69,"substratePreference":70,"depthMinM":58,"depthMaxM":58,"phMin":71,"phMax":72,"ghMinD":73,"ghMaxD":74,"distributionRegionsJson":75,"habitatType":76,"temperatureMinC":77,"temperatureMaxC":78,"temperature":79},"菲律宾、印度尼西亚、所罗门群岛、中国、巴布亚新几内亚、文莱、斐济、马达加斯加等地的淡水水域。","栖息于淡水溪流、湖泊、池塘及沟渠的底质环境，常生活于泥沙、碎石或植物残体上，偏好水流平缓、有机质较丰富的区域。","BOTTOM","UNKNOWN","泥沙、细砂及碎石底质","6.50","8.00","4.00","18.00","[\"菲律宾\", \"印度尼西亚\", \"所罗门群岛\", \"中国\", \"巴布亚新几内亚\", \"文莱\", \"斐济\", \"马达加斯加\"]","淡水溪流 \u002F 湖泊 \u002F 沟渠 \u002F 底质环境","20.00","28.00","20.00-28.00 C",{"salinity":9,"difficulty":81,"diet":82,"temperament":83,"socialBehavior":84,"swimmingLayer":68,"minimumTankL":85,"temperatureMinC":77,"temperatureMaxC":78,"phMin":71,"phMax":72,"ghMinD":73,"ghMaxD":74,"khMinD":58,"khMaxD":58,"minimumGroupSize":58,"feedingNotes":86,"compatibilityNotes":87,"careNotes":88},"MODERATE","OMNIVORE","PEACEFUL","GROUP","40.00","自然状态下以生物膜、有机碎屑和藻类为食；人工饲养可投喂沉底型螺粮、煮熟的蔬菜薄片，并适当补充钙质。","可与小型温和鱼类、虾类混养；避免与大型捕食性鱼类（如河豚、大型慈鲷）及螺类捕食者混养。","对含铜药物、氨氮及水质剧变敏感；保持水质稳定，避免使用含铜药剂。",{"maxLengthCm":90,"averageLengthCm":91,"lifespanMinYears":92,"lifespanMaxYears":93,"bodyShape":94,"coloration":95,"distinguishingFeatures":96,"sexualDimorphism":97},"3.50","2.50","1.00","2.00","壳呈长塔形，螺层较平，壳表具细密纵肋与螺肋交织成网格状；壳口卵圆形。","壳色通常为浅黄褐色至深褐色，常有不规则色斑。","壳表明显的网格状雕刻是其主要鉴别特征，区别于同属其他塔螺。","雌雄异体，但外观差异不明显，需解剖或观察交配行为区分。",{"reproductionMode":99,"breedingDifficulty":100,"spawningType":101,"breedingSeason":58,"incubationDaysMin":58,"incubationDaysMax":58,"clutchSizeMin":58,"clutchSizeMax":58,"parentalCare":102,"breedingNotes":103},"EGG_LAYER","HARD","卵生，雌螺将卵产于硬质基质上","待复验","在水族箱中自然繁殖较困难；需提供稳定的水质、充足的钙质及适宜底质，并避免捕食性混养。",{"plantNotes":58},{"setupNotes":106,"waterChangeNotes":107,"densityNotes":108,"acclimationNotes":109,"feedingSummary":110,"commonMistakes":111,"completeness":112,"status":113},"建议至少40升水体的缸，铺细砂或小颗粒底砂，放置沉木、石块提供躲藏与爬行面。保持水质稳定，避免强水流冲击。","每周换水20%-30%，使用除氯水，避免水温与水质参数剧烈波动。","可小群饲养，但需注意排泄物对水质影响；饲养密度不宜过高。","过水至少1小时，缓慢滴流适应水温与水质，避免盐度或pH骤变。","每日投喂1次，沉底型饲料，辅以藻类、蔬菜薄片；及时清理残饵。","① 将螺放入新开缸水质波动大的环境；② 使用含铜药物或除螺剂；③ 与捕食性鱼类混养；④ 忽视钙质补充导致壳质脆弱。","95","REVIEW_PENDING",[115,130,149,167,181],{"id":116,"type":117,"title":118,"sortOrder":119,"payload":120},10025,"TIMELINE","入缸节奏",10,[121,124,127],{"phase":122,"content":123},"入缸前","检查水质参数，确保氨氮为零，水温稳定；铺细砂并放置沉木石块。",{"phase":125,"content":126},"入缸","缓慢过水适应，避免直接倒入；入缸后观察螺的爬行与摄食情况。",{"phase":128,"content":129},"稳定后","保持规律换水，提供钙质与生物膜，定期清理缸壁藻类但保留部分供螺取食。",{"id":131,"type":132,"title":133,"sortOrder":134,"payload":135},10026,"CHECKLIST","养好清单",20,[136,138,140,142,145,147],{"item":137,"must":15},"使用无铜药物与肥料",{"item":139,"must":15},"提供沉木、石块等硬质表面",{"item":141,"must":15},"保持水质中性至弱碱性",{"item":143,"must":144},"补充钙质（如珊瑚骨、螺壳）",false,{"item":146,"must":15},"与温和鱼类混养，避免捕食者",{"item":148,"must":144},"定期监测氨氮、亚硝酸盐",{"id":150,"type":151,"title":152,"sortOrder":153,"payload":154},10027,"FAQ","常见问题",30,[155,158,161,164],{"a":156,"q":157},"在水族箱中自然繁殖较困难，通常不会大量爆发。","网格塔蜷会繁殖爆缸吗？",{"a":159,"q":160},"它会刮食生物膜和藻类，但建议补充沉底螺粮和蔬菜。","需要专门喂食吗？",{"a":162,"q":163},"可以，但避免嘴贱的鱼如河豚、大型慈鲷。","可以和小型鱼混养吗？",{"a":165,"q":166},"偏好稳定、清洁、中等硬度以上的水质，避免酸软水。","对水质有什么要求？",{"id":168,"type":169,"title":170,"sortOrder":171,"payload":172},10028,"DISEASE","常见问题与防治",40,[173,177],{"name":174,"action":175,"trigger":176},"壳顶腐蚀\u002F白壳","调节pH至中性以上，补充钙质，使用富含钙的饲料。","水质过酸或缺乏钙质",{"name":178,"action":179,"trigger":180},"螺体不活动\u002F缩壳","立即换水，检测水质，去除污染源。","水质恶化或含铜药物",{"id":182,"type":183,"title":184,"sortOrder":185,"payload":186},10029,"WARNING","混养与风险提醒",50,[187,191,195],{"text":188,"level":189,"reason":190},"禁止使用含铜药物或除螺剂","BAD","对螺类剧毒",{"text":192,"level":193,"reason":194},"避免与大型捕食性鱼类混养","CAUTION","会被捕食",{"text":196,"level":193,"reason":197},"避免长期生活在酸性软水中","壳质会被腐蚀",[],{},95,[202],{"id":203,"mediaType":204,"usageType":205,"title":206,"caption":207,"remoteUrl":208,"localPath":209,"mimeType":210,"copyrightHolder":211,"licenseNote":212,"sortOrder":213,"sourceId":214},7159,"IMAGE","PRIMARY","网格塔蜷（Thiara cancellata）","学名匹配开放授权图；来源记录：https:\u002F\u002Fportal.boldsystems.org\u002Frecord\u002FAQMOL042-16","https:\u002F\u002Fcaos.boldsystems.org\u002Fapi\u002Fobjects\u002Fcaos-cloud.linode-us-ord-1.22_203.270f2c0e-4435-4b73-9ed1-e9f071154b07.jpg?subunit=1024.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2567\u002FAQSP002072_6c23f4dddc.jpg","image\u002Fjpeg","Heok Hui Tan","http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002Flegalcode",0,103,{},[217,239,261,280,300],{"id":218,"speciesCode":219,"canonicalNameZh":220,"scientificName":221,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":222,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":223,"thumbnailUrl":224,"temperatureRange":225,"phRange":226,"sizeRange":227,"careDifficulty":81,"plantPlacement":58,"diet":82,"temperament":83,"feedingNotes":228,"aliases":229,"minimumTankL":77,"ghRange":235,"khRange":236,"lifespanRange":237,"priceRange":58,"priceUnit":58,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":58,"co2Requirement":58,"growthRate":58,"verificationTags":238,"lastVerifiedAt":26,"lastVerifierName":58,"verificationCount":213,"hasRefetchTag":144},2361,"AQSP001782","褶纹塔蜷","Stenomelania plicaria",20128,"壳呈高塔状，表面有显著纵肋与皱褶（故得名），原产于东南亚至西太平洋岛屿的淡水溪流，是常见观赏塔螺中壳形较高瘦的一种；成螺壳长约3-4厘米，卵胎生，直接产出幼螺；主要以缸壁藻类、残饵和碎屑为食，适应偏硬、微碱性的水质，饲养难度低。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2197\u002FAQGAP0BAAC11283A7_b6943181ff.jpg","22.00-28.00 C","7.00-8.20","3.50-4.50 cm","提供生物膜、专用颗粒及植物性补饲，滤食或捕食种需单独复验。",[230,231,18,232,233,234],"川蜷","黑金刚螺","纵肋塔蜷","纹塔螺","长塔螺","6.00-18.00","4.00-12.00","2.00-4.00",[],{"id":240,"speciesCode":241,"canonicalNameZh":242,"scientificName":243,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":244,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":245,"thumbnailUrl":246,"temperatureRange":79,"phRange":247,"sizeRange":248,"careDifficulty":81,"plantPlacement":58,"diet":82,"temperament":83,"feedingNotes":249,"aliases":250,"minimumTankL":85,"ghRange":257,"khRange":258,"lifespanRange":259,"priceRange":58,"priceUnit":58,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":58,"co2Requirement":58,"growthRate":58,"verificationTags":260,"lastVerifiedAt":26,"lastVerifierName":58,"verificationCount":213,"hasRefetchTag":144},2650,"AQSP002070","颗粒螺","Tarebia granifera",10176,"原产亚洲热带及西太平洋岛屿，已入侵美洲、非洲多地；成体壳长约2-3cm，壳面密布颗粒状纵肋，与马来螺相比壳更粗短。卵胎生且可孤雌生殖，单只入缸即可繁殖爆缸；耐污广温，适合清理残饵与藻类，但需防密度失控。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2565\u002FAQSP002070_9030a5cff3.jpg","6.50-8.00","2.00-3.00 cm","以缸内生物膜、藻类和残饵为主食，可补充沉底螺粮或焯水蔬菜；每周可额外提供一次钙质（如钙片\u002F螺壳粉）以维持壳体健康。",[251,252,253,254,255,256],"刺塔螺","淡水角螺","结节螺","角螺","颗粒塔螺","颗粒角螺","4.00-18.00","3.00-12.00","1.00-2.00",[],{"id":262,"speciesCode":263,"canonicalNameZh":264,"scientificName":265,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":266,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":267,"thumbnailUrl":268,"temperatureRange":225,"phRange":269,"sizeRange":270,"careDifficulty":81,"plantPlacement":58,"diet":82,"temperament":83,"feedingNotes":228,"aliases":271,"minimumTankL":85,"ghRange":276,"khRange":277,"lifespanRange":278,"priceRange":58,"priceUnit":58,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":58,"co2Requirement":58,"growthRate":58,"verificationTags":279,"lastVerifiedAt":26,"lastVerifierName":58,"verificationCount":213,"hasRefetchTag":144},2357,"AQSP001778","塔蜷螺","Brotia pagodula",20122,"原产东南亚（泰国、缅甸）山溪的塔形观赏螺，壳细长多棱，最大约5cm。需高溶氧与水流，主食藻类\u002F生物膜，不吃健康水草。对水质变化敏感，饲养难度中等偏上，适合有经验玩家。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2193\u002Freview_3830_f881d84f59.jpg","7.00-8.00","4.00-5.00 cm",[18,272,273,274,275,234],"马来螺","宝塔螺","泰国宝塔螺","金宝塔螺","5.00-18.00","4.00-8.00","2.00-5.00",[],{"id":281,"speciesCode":282,"canonicalNameZh":231,"scientificName":283,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":284,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":285,"thumbnailUrl":286,"temperatureRange":225,"phRange":269,"sizeRange":287,"careDifficulty":81,"plantPlacement":58,"diet":82,"temperament":83,"feedingNotes":228,"aliases":288,"minimumTankL":295,"ghRange":296,"khRange":297,"lifespanRange":298,"priceRange":58,"priceUnit":58,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":58,"co2Requirement":58,"growthRate":58,"verificationTags":299,"lastVerifiedAt":26,"lastVerifierName":58,"verificationCount":213,"hasRefetchTag":144},2356,"AQSP001777","Faunus ater",20121,"原产于东南亚的大型淡水观赏螺，壳长可达5-7厘米，深黑褐色细长圆锥形。以藻类和有机碎屑为食，是高效除藻工具；性情温和，不伤水草，但繁殖需半咸水，淡水缸中无法自然繁殖，不会爆螺。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2192\u002FAQGAPDF89035E3154_10a89956ea.jpg","5.00-7.00 cm",[289,290,291,292,293,294],"黑蜷","黑金刚","黑军帽螺","黑将军螺","黑螺","黑角螺","30.00","8.00-18.00","4.00-10.00","2.00-3.00",[],{"id":301,"speciesCode":302,"canonicalNameZh":303,"scientificName":304,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":305,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":306,"thumbnailUrl":307,"temperatureRange":308,"phRange":309,"sizeRange":310,"careDifficulty":81,"plantPlacement":58,"diet":82,"temperament":83,"feedingNotes":228,"aliases":311,"minimumTankL":318,"ghRange":257,"khRange":319,"lifespanRange":259,"priceRange":58,"priceUnit":58,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":58,"co2Requirement":58,"growthRate":58,"verificationTags":320,"lastVerifiedAt":26,"lastVerifierName":58,"verificationCount":213,"hasRefetchTag":144},2388,"AQSP001809","中国小扁螺","Gyraulus chinensis",30167,"原产中国及东亚的微型淡水螺，壳径仅4-8mm，扁平盘状、壳薄半透明，常被误认为幼体扁卷螺。以藻类和有机碎屑为食，在草缸中可作为清洁生物，但繁殖迅速，需控制食物残渣防爆缸。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2224\u002Freview_3894_d190eb0cee.jpg","18.00-26.00 C","6.80-8.00","0.60-0.80 cm",[312,313,314,315,316,317],"小扁螺","扁螺","扁卷螺","盘螺","草缸清洁螺","迷你扁卷螺","10.00","2.00-10.00",[],"zh-CN",[321],{"missingFields":324,"translatedFields":325,"locale":321,"totalFields":325,"status":326},"0","18","COMPLETE","2026-10-04 00:45:06"]