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HARD。",[18,19,20,21,22],"中美白唇泥龟","北部白唇泥龟","南部白唇泥龟","白唇泥龟","白唇蛋龟",[24,30,36,42,48,54,60],{"id":25,"parentId":26,"rankCode":27,"scientificName":28,"chineseName":29,"pathText":28,"displayName":29},1,null,"KINGDOM","Animalia","动物界",{"id":31,"parentId":25,"rankCode":32,"scientificName":33,"chineseName":34,"pathText":35,"displayName":34},3,"PHYLUM","Chordata","脊索动物门","Animalia > Chordata",{"id":37,"parentId":31,"rankCode":38,"scientificName":39,"chineseName":40,"pathText":41,"displayName":40},5508,"CLASS","Testudines","龟鳖目","Animalia > Chordata > Testudines",{"id":43,"parentId":37,"rankCode":44,"scientificName":45,"chineseName":46,"pathText":47,"displayName":46},5526,"ORDER","Unresolved","分类待确认","Animalia > Chordata > Testudines > Unresolved",{"id":49,"parentId":43,"rankCode":50,"scientificName":51,"chineseName":52,"pathText":53,"displayName":52},5561,"FAMILY","Kinosternidae","动胸龟科","Animalia > Chordata > Testudines > Unresolved > Kinosternidae",{"id":55,"parentId":49,"rankCode":56,"scientificName":57,"chineseName":58,"pathText":59,"displayName":57},6264,"GENUS","Kinosternon","","Animalia > Chordata > Testudines > Unresolved > Kinosternidae > Kinosternon",{"id":61,"parentId":55,"rankCode":62,"scientificName":7,"chineseName":6,"pathText":63,"displayName":6},6647,"SPECIES","Animalia > Chordata > Testudines > Unresolved > Kinosternidae > Kinosternon > Kinosternon leucostomum",[29,34,40,46,52,57,6],{"salinity":9,"distribution":66,"naturalHabitat":67,"waterLayer":68,"currentPreference":69,"substratePreference":70,"depthMinM":71,"depthMaxM":72,"phMin":73,"phMax":74,"ghMinD":75,"ghMaxD":76,"distributionRegionsJson":77,"habitatType":78,"temperatureMinC":79,"temperatureMaxC":80,"temperature":81},"原产于墨西哥、伯利兹、危地马拉、洪都拉斯、尼加拉瓜、哥斯达黎加、巴拿马、哥伦比亚。","栖息于河流、湖泊、池塘及沿岸湿地的浅水区，偏好静水或缓流，底部为泥质或沙质，常在水生植物和倒木附近活动，同时利用水域和陆地。","BOTTOM","SLOW","泥质或沙质底","0.10","0.80","6.00","7.50","2.00","12.00","[\"哥伦比亚\", \"墨西哥\", \"巴拿马\", \"哥斯达黎加\", \"尼加拉瓜\", \"伯利兹\", \"危地马拉\", \"洪都拉斯\"]","河流、湖泊、池塘或沿岸湿地","22.00","30.00","22.00-30.00 C",{"salinity":9,"difficulty":83,"diet":84,"temperament":85,"socialBehavior":86,"swimmingLayer":68,"minimumTankL":87,"temperatureMinC":79,"temperatureMaxC":88,"phMin":73,"phMax":74,"ghMinD":75,"ghMaxD":76,"khMinD":58,"khMaxD":58,"minimumGroupSize":58,"feedingNotes":89,"compatibilityNotes":90,"careNotes":91},"HARD","OMNIVORE","SEMI_AGGRESSIVE","SOLITARY","200.00","28.00","杂食偏肉食，投喂优质水龟粮、小鱼虾、昆虫、蚯蚓及少量蔬菜。每日或隔日一次，5-10分钟内吃完。禁长期单喂干虾，避免营养不良。","成体会主动捕食小型鱼虾，不可与观赏鱼混养。雄性之间易打斗，建议单养或一雄多雌。与其它龟类混养也需谨慎。","需要宽敞水陆缸，水深不宜超过30 cm，必须有晒背平台和UVB。强过滤防污染。泥龟游泳能力有限，需防溺水。",{"maxLengthCm":93,"averageLengthCm":94,"lifespanMinYears":95,"lifespanMaxYears":80,"bodyShape":96,"coloration":97,"distinguishingFeatures":98,"sexualDimorphism":99},"17.00","13.00","20.00","背甲椭圆形，略扁平，幼体有三条弱龙骨，成体趋于光滑。腹甲较大，可完全关闭。头部中等，吻部突出，四肢具发达蹼。","背甲深褐色至黑色，腹甲黄色至棕色，边缘有深色斑。头部深褐色至黑色，上喙边缘有一条明显的白色或黄色条纹（白唇），四肢深灰色。","上喙白色或黄色条纹是区别于同属其他泥龟的显著特征；与红面泥龟相比，白泥龟头部无红色斑纹。","雄龟尾巴粗长，泄殖孔超出背甲后缘；雌龟尾巴短细，体型通常略大。",{"reproductionMode":101,"breedingDifficulty":83,"spawningType":102,"breedingSeason":58,"incubationDaysMin":103,"incubationDaysMax":104,"clutchSizeMin":105,"clutchSizeMax":106,"parentalCare":107,"breedingNotes":108},"EGG_LAYER","卵生，产卵于陆地上，每窝1-4枚，孵化期约100-150天。","100","150","1","4","待复验","雌龟每年产1-2窝，需提供潮湿的沙土产卵巢。孵化温度影响性别，高温多雌。人工繁殖需要单独设置产卵区与孵化箱。",{"plantNotes":58},{"setupNotes":111,"waterChangeNotes":112,"densityNotes":113,"acclimationNotes":114,"feedingSummary":115,"commonMistakes":116,"completeness":103,"status":117},"建议200L以上水陆缸或龟缸，设置浅水区（水深15-30 cm）和晒背平台，平台温度32-35°C，水中加热棒保持22-28°C。必须提供UVB 5.0或10.0，并配备强过滤。","每周换水25-30%，使用除氯水，保持水质清洁。泥龟排泄量大，过滤需强劲，可结合底吸。","单养或一雄配多雌。多只雄龟混养会持续打斗，造成伤害甚至死亡。","新龟入缸先漂浮袋或缓慢滴流过水30-40分钟，避免温差过大。放入浅水区，让其自行适应。","杂食偏肉食，建议投喂水龟粮为主，搭配小鱼虾、昆虫、蚯蚓，偶尔给少量蔬菜。每日或隔日一次，5-10分钟内吃完。","① 水深过深导致白泥龟溺水或应激，因为它们游泳能力有限；② 缺少UVB和晒背区，引发代谢性骨病；③ 将多只雄龟混养，造成打斗伤害；④ 长期只喂干虾或肉类，导致营养不均衡；⑤ 水质恶化，诱发腐皮、腐甲。","REVIEW_PENDING",[119,134,152,170,187],{"id":120,"type":121,"title":122,"sortOrder":123,"payload":124},10065,"TIMELINE","入缸节奏",10,[125,128,131],{"phase":126,"content":127},"入缸前","设置好水陆环境：浅水区、晒背平台、UVB灯、加热和过滤。调试水温至22-28°C，晒背区32-35°C。",{"phase":129,"content":130},"入缸","将白泥龟缓慢放入浅水区，先观察是否正常抬头呼吸，避免直接投入深水。静养1-2天不打扰。",{"phase":132,"content":133},"稳定后","保持规律换水和喂食，每周检查晒背和UVB，观察食欲、排便及体表状况。",{"id":135,"type":136,"title":137,"sortOrder":138,"payload":139},10066,"CHECKLIST","养好清单",20,[140,142,144,146,148,150],{"item":141,"must":15},"200L以上水陆缸或龟缸",{"item":143,"must":15},"浅水区（15-30 cm）+ 晒背平台",{"item":145,"must":15},"UVB 5.0 或 10.0 灯",{"item":147,"must":15},"加热棒（水温22-28°C）",{"item":149,"must":15},"强过滤系统",{"item":151,"must":15},"防逃盖或围栏",{"id":153,"type":154,"title":155,"sortOrder":156,"payload":157},10067,"FAQ","常见问题",30,[158,161,164,167],{"a":159,"q":160},"一般不会主动攻击人，但受到威胁时会张嘴威吓甚至咬人，抓取时需握住背甲两侧，避免手指靠近嘴部。","白泥龟会咬人吗？",{"a":162,"q":163},"不建议。白泥龟是机会主义捕食者，成体会主动捕食小鱼、小虾，混养风险极高。","可以和小型鱼混养吗？",{"a":165,"q":166},"不需要。白泥龟原产于热带和亚热带，冬季应保持水温在22°C以上，低温会导致停食和疾病。","需要冬眠吗？",{"a":168,"q":169},"白泥龟上喙有白色或黄色条纹，头部整体深色；红面泥龟头部有明显的红色或橙色斑纹，且分布区不同。","如何区分白泥龟和红面泥龟？",{"id":171,"type":172,"title":173,"sortOrder":174,"payload":175},10068,"DISEASE","常见问题与防治",40,[176,180,183],{"name":177,"action":178,"trigger":179},"腐皮病","隔离观察并改善水质、温度与环境卫生；若症状持续或加重，应由异宠或水生动物兽医诊断后用药。","水质恶化、细菌感染",{"name":181,"action":178,"trigger":182},"呼吸道感染","水温骤降或温差过大",{"name":184,"action":185,"trigger":186},"代谢性骨病","补充UVB照射，饲料中添加钙粉和维生素D3，调整饮食结构，多晒太阳。","缺乏UVB和钙质",{"id":188,"type":189,"title":190,"sortOrder":191,"payload":192},10069,"WARNING","混养与风险提醒",50,[193,197,200],{"text":194,"level":195,"reason":196},"禁止与小型鱼虾混养","BAD","白泥龟会主动捕食鱼虾，导致混养对象死亡。",{"text":198,"level":195,"reason":199},"不可深水饲养","泥龟游泳能力弱，水深超过30 cm容易因无法及时换气而溺水。",{"text":201,"level":202,"reason":203},"多只雄龟不可同缸","CAUTION","雄龟领地意识强，会持续打斗造成咬伤、断尾甚至死亡。",[],{},[207],{"id":208,"mediaType":209,"usageType":210,"title":211,"caption":212,"remoteUrl":213,"localPath":214,"mimeType":215,"copyrightHolder":216,"licenseNote":217,"sortOrder":218,"sourceId":219},7167,"IMAGE","PRIMARY","白泥龟（Kinosternon leucostomum）","学名匹配开放授权图；来源记录：https:\u002F\u002Fwww.inaturalist.org\u002Fobservations\u002F25908101","https:\u002F\u002Finaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fphotos\u002F40181456\u002Flarge.jpeg","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2575\u002FAQSP002080_aa0a7984c5.jpg","image\u002Fjpeg","Christine Loew","CC-BY",0,102,{},[222,243,261,278,294],{"id":223,"speciesCode":224,"canonicalNameZh":225,"scientificName":226,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":227,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":228,"thumbnailUrl":229,"temperatureRange":230,"phRange":231,"sizeRange":232,"careDifficulty":83,"plantPlacement":58,"diet":84,"temperament":85,"feedingNotes":233,"aliases":234,"minimumTankL":87,"ghRange":58,"khRange":58,"lifespanRange":240,"priceRange":58,"priceUnit":58,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":58,"co2Requirement":58,"growthRate":58,"verificationTags":241,"lastVerifiedAt":26,"lastVerifierName":58,"verificationCount":218,"hasRefetchTag":242},2658,"AQSP002078","埃雷拉泥龟","Kinosternon herrerai",10184,"墨西哥特有的淡水泥龟，属动胸龟科，栖息于河流、湖泊、池塘及沿岸湿地，水陆两栖。成体需200升以上环境，水温22-28℃，杂食性，性情半攻击、多独居，饲养难度高，不适合混养小鱼虾或同类。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2573\u002FAQSP002078_a52b062768.jpg","22.00-28.00 C","6.50-8.00","10.00-12.00 cm","提供优质龟粮（沉水性颗粒或浮性颗粒），搭配水生无脊椎动物（如虾、螺、昆虫）、小鱼及少量植物性食物；避免长期单一投喂干虾，注意钙磷比。",[235,236,237,238,239],"哈雷拉泥龟","埃雷拉动胸龟","墨西哥泥龟","赫氏泥龟","赫雷拉泥龟","20.00-30.00",[],false,{"id":244,"speciesCode":245,"canonicalNameZh":246,"scientificName":247,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":248,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":249,"thumbnailUrl":250,"temperatureRange":230,"phRange":231,"sizeRange":251,"careDifficulty":83,"plantPlacement":58,"diet":84,"temperament":85,"feedingNotes":252,"aliases":253,"minimumTankL":87,"ghRange":58,"khRange":58,"lifespanRange":259,"priceRange":58,"priceUnit":58,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":58,"co2Requirement":58,"growthRate":58,"verificationTags":260,"lastVerifiedAt":26,"lastVerifierName":58,"verificationCount":218,"hasRefetchTag":242},2659,"AQSP002079","粗腿泥龟","Kinosternon hirtipes",10185,"粗腿泥龟（Kinosternon hirtipes）是分布于美国西南部至墨西哥北部的小型半水栖泥龟，因后肢异常粗壮得名。成体背甲约13-18 cm，食性杂，性情较凶，会捕食鱼虾并攻击同类；需200 L以上水陆缸单养，饲养难度较高。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2574\u002FAQSP002079_f4566a1900.jpg","13.00-17.50 cm","成体每周喂3-4次，幼体可每日或隔日一次。提供龟专用颗粒、水生无脊椎动物、小鱼、昆虫及少量植物性食物，避免长期单一喂干虾。",[254,255,256,257,258],"哈氏泥龟","墨西哥粗腿泥龟","粗腿动胸龟","粗腿蛋龟","粗腿麝香龟","20.00-40.00",[],{"id":262,"speciesCode":263,"canonicalNameZh":264,"scientificName":265,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":266,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":267,"thumbnailUrl":268,"temperatureRange":230,"phRange":231,"sizeRange":269,"careDifficulty":83,"plantPlacement":58,"diet":84,"temperament":85,"feedingNotes":270,"aliases":271,"minimumTankL":87,"ghRange":58,"khRange":58,"lifespanRange":240,"priceRange":58,"priceUnit":58,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":58,"co2Requirement":58,"growthRate":58,"verificationTags":277,"lastVerifiedAt":26,"lastVerifierName":58,"verificationCount":218,"hasRefetchTag":242},2661,"AQSP002081","蝎形泥龟","Kinosternon scorpioides",10187,"蝎形泥龟（Kinosternon scorpioides）是分布从墨西哥至巴西、特立尼达的泥龟科淡水龟，背甲可达15-18 cm，成体多呈深褐至黑色。水陆两栖、领地意识强，易捕食鱼虾，建议单养；需要大水体、UVB 与晒背区，饲养难度高。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2576\u002FAQSP002081_1946c98c40.jpg","15.00-18.00 cm","按物种提供专用颗粒、水生无脊椎、鱼类或植物性食物，不长期单喂干虾。",[272,272,273,274,275,276],"沙氏泥龟","红面泥龟","红面蛋龟","红颊泥龟","蝎泽泥龟",[],{"id":279,"speciesCode":280,"canonicalNameZh":281,"scientificName":282,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":283,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":284,"thumbnailUrl":285,"temperatureRange":230,"phRange":231,"sizeRange":286,"careDifficulty":83,"plantPlacement":58,"diet":84,"temperament":85,"feedingNotes":287,"aliases":288,"minimumTankL":87,"ghRange":58,"khRange":58,"lifespanRange":259,"priceRange":58,"priceUnit":58,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":58,"co2Requirement":58,"growthRate":58,"verificationTags":293,"lastVerifiedAt":26,"lastVerifierName":58,"verificationCount":218,"hasRefetchTag":242},2662,"AQSP002082","红根据泥龟","Kinosternon subrubrum",10188,"原产美国东部的小型半水栖龟，成体背甲通常 7-10 cm，腹甲具铰链可部分闭合，头部有黄色条纹。偏好底栖，肉食性为主，需提供浅水与干燥晒背区。因对水体空间、UVB 和陆地环境要求严格，饲养难度较高。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2577\u002FAQSP002082_e14bb763ab.jpg","9.00-12.00 cm","以动物性饵料为主：优质水龟颗粒、蚯蚓、小鱼、虾、螺类等，偶尔少量蔬菜。幼体每日喂，成体每隔 1-2 天喂，每次量为龟头部大小，避免长期单喂干虾。",[289,289,290,291,292,273],"东部泥龟","北美泥龟","小泥龟","普通泥龟",[],{"id":295,"speciesCode":296,"canonicalNameZh":297,"scientificName":298,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":299,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":300,"thumbnailUrl":301,"temperatureRange":230,"phRange":231,"sizeRange":302,"careDifficulty":83,"plantPlacement":58,"diet":84,"temperament":85,"feedingNotes":303,"aliases":304,"minimumTankL":87,"ghRange":58,"khRange":58,"lifespanRange":58,"priceRange":58,"priceUnit":58,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":58,"co2Requirement":58,"growthRate":58,"verificationTags":310,"lastVerifiedAt":26,"lastVerifierName":58,"verificationCount":218,"hasRefetchTag":242},2654,"AQSP002074","窄桥匣龟","Claudius angustatus",10180,"分布于墨西哥至中美洲的低地淡水水域；以极窄的甲桥和退化腹甲著称，头部大、咬合力强，是凶猛的肉食性龟，必须单独饲养。成体背甲长约12-15cm，饲养难度高，需大水体与强过滤。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2569\u002FAQSP002074_f27d13fe18.jpg","12.00-15.00 cm","以动物性饵料为主：河虾、小鱼、螺类、蚯蚓、优质肉食龟粮；搭配少量蔬菜\u002F水果（如南瓜、生菜）。每日或隔日投喂一次，控制总量在头部大小，避免肥胖；不长期单喂干虾。",[305,306,307,308,309,305],"鹰嘴泥龟","墨西哥窄桥龟","窄桥蛋龟","窄桥麝香龟","窄桥龟",[],"zh-CN",[311],{"missingFields":314,"translatedFields":315,"locale":311,"totalFields":315,"status":316},"0","18","COMPLETE","2026-10-04 00:45:06"]