[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species-detail:aqsp002176-mycale-laevis":3},{"id":4,"speciesCode":5,"canonicalNameZh":6,"scientificName":7,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":10,"taxonomicStatus":11,"dataOrigin":12,"dataStatus":13,"primarySourceId":14,"active":15,"summary":16,"aliases":17,"taxonomyNodes":24,"taxonomyPath":61,"taxonomyPathText":60,"habitat":62,"care":75,"morphology":83,"reproduction":88,"plant":94,"careGuide":95,"careSections":104,"compatibility":191,"price":192,"dataCompleteness":14,"mediaAssets":193,"media":207,"relatedSpecies":208,"locale":299,"displayName":6,"commonName":6,"availableLocales":300,"translationCoverage":301,"updatedAt":305},2756,"AQSP002176","光滑海绵","Mycale laevis","INVERTEBRATE","MARINE",30282,"ACCEPTED","SOURCE_IMPORTED","VERIFIED",100,true,"加勒比海及墨西哥湾周边原产的底栖附着海绵，属于寻常海绵纲。体表光滑，常附着于礁岩或底质，以滤食水中悬浮有机物为生。对盐度、温度及水质变化较敏感，水族箱饲养难度中等，需要稳定水体和充足悬浮饵料。",[18,19,20,21,22,23],"加勒比光滑海绵","多孔海绵","活石海绵","海水海绵","滤食海绵","礁岩海绵",[25,31,37,42,47,52,57],{"id":26,"parentId":27,"rankCode":28,"scientificName":29,"chineseName":30,"pathText":29,"displayName":30},1,null,"KINGDOM","Animalia","动物界",{"id":32,"parentId":26,"rankCode":33,"scientificName":34,"chineseName":35,"pathText":36,"displayName":34},5903,"PHYLUM","Porifera","","Animalia > Porifera",{"id":38,"parentId":32,"rankCode":39,"scientificName":40,"chineseName":35,"pathText":41,"displayName":40},5912,"CLASS","Demospongiae","Animalia > Porifera > Demospongiae",{"id":43,"parentId":38,"rankCode":44,"scientificName":45,"chineseName":35,"pathText":46,"displayName":45},5955,"ORDER","Poecilosclerida","Animalia > Porifera > Demospongiae > Poecilosclerida",{"id":48,"parentId":43,"rankCode":49,"scientificName":50,"chineseName":35,"pathText":51,"displayName":50},6070,"FAMILY","Mycalidae","Animalia > Porifera > Demospongiae > Poecilosclerida > Mycalidae",{"id":53,"parentId":48,"rankCode":54,"scientificName":55,"chineseName":35,"pathText":56,"displayName":55},6350,"GENUS","Mycale","Animalia > Porifera > Demospongiae > Poecilosclerida > Mycalidae > Mycale",{"id":58,"parentId":53,"rankCode":59,"scientificName":7,"chineseName":6,"pathText":60,"displayName":6},6743,"SPECIES","Animalia > Porifera > Demospongiae > Poecilosclerida > Mycalidae > Mycale > Mycale laevis",[30,34,40,45,50,55,6],{"salinity":9,"distribution":63,"naturalHabitat":64,"waterLayer":65,"currentPreference":66,"substratePreference":67,"depthMinM":35,"depthMaxM":35,"phMin":68,"phMax":69,"ghMinD":35,"ghMaxD":35,"distributionRegionsJson":70,"habitatType":71,"temperatureMinC":72,"temperatureMaxC":73,"temperature":74},"分布于加勒比海及墨西哥湾周边海域，包括波多黎各、瓜德罗普、古巴、开曼群岛、洪都拉斯、马提尼克、巴拿马和墨西哥等地。","栖息于热带西大西洋的珊瑚礁区或岩礁底质，附生于硬底、礁石或珊瑚碎屑上。","BOTTOM","MODERATE","硬质礁石、珊瑚碎屑或人工活石","7.80","8.40","[\"波多黎各\", \"瓜德罗普\", \"古巴\", \"开曼群岛\", \"洪都拉斯\", \"马提尼克\", \"巴拿马\", \"墨西哥\"]","珊瑚礁 \u002F 岩礁底质 \u002F 附着区","22.00","28.00","22.00-28.00 C",{"salinity":9,"difficulty":66,"diet":76,"temperament":77,"socialBehavior":78,"swimmingLayer":79,"minimumTankL":35,"temperatureMinC":72,"temperatureMaxC":73,"phMin":68,"phMax":69,"ghMinD":35,"ghMaxD":35,"khMinD":35,"khMaxD":35,"minimumGroupSize":35,"feedingNotes":80,"compatibilityNotes":81,"careNotes":82},"FILTER_FEEDER","PEACEFUL","SOLITARY","ATTACHED","滤食性，需提供悬浮微颗粒饵料（如浮游植物、细菌、溶解有机物）或成熟水体中的自然微生物。定期添加专用海绵饲料或搅动底质产生悬浮物；避免大颗粒饵料堵塞进水孔。","不主动攻击，但需要稳定水质，不能被搅动或啃食；避免与海胆、大型蟹类、啄食性鱼类等可能伤害海绵组织的生物混养。","对盐度、温度与水质变化敏感；需缓慢滴水过水，避免气泡进入体内。提供中等水流以促进滤食和排泄。",{"maxLengthCm":35,"averageLengthCm":35,"lifespanMinYears":35,"lifespanMaxYears":35,"bodyShape":84,"coloration":85,"distinguishingFeatures":86,"sexualDimorphism":87},"结壳状或块状海绵，无明显固定形状，表面光滑（种名 laevis 意为光滑），可见许多入水孔和出水口。","活体颜色可能为黄色、橙色或棕色，具体色型因产地和环境而异。","表面较光滑，具典型的海绵多孔结构；与同属近似种的区别需依赖骨针等显微特征，肉眼难以区分。","雌雄同体，无显著性别二态。",{"reproductionMode":89,"breedingDifficulty":90,"spawningType":91,"breedingSeason":35,"incubationDaysMin":35,"incubationDaysMax":35,"clutchSizeMin":35,"clutchSizeMax":35,"parentalCare":92,"breedingNotes":93},"EGG_LAYER","HARD","释放配子，体内受精后产生游动幼虫（如中实幼虫）并释放至水中","待复验","在人工环境下繁殖困难，需要模拟自然水温与水流变化诱导配子释放。幼体附着条件苛刻，极难在水族箱中完成生活史。",{"plantNotes":35},{"setupNotes":96,"waterChangeNotes":97,"densityNotes":98,"acclimationNotes":99,"feedingSummary":100,"commonMistakes":101,"completeness":102,"status":103},"建议用成熟活石缸或柏林系统，提供中等水流和稳定水质。避免强力水泵直吹；需要暗处或遮光区域，避免强光导致表面藻类覆盖。","规律少量换水，每周 10-15%，使用充分混合的人工海水，避免盐度波动。","单块或少量饲养，避免不同海绵个体相互挤压或遮光。","过水需极慢（至少 1-2 小时滴水），绝对避免暴露于空气，防止气栓堵塞水孔。","依靠水中悬浮有机物和微生物为食；定期投入浮游植物或专用液体海绵饲料。","① 将海绵暴露在空气中；② 水流过弱导致排泄孔堵塞；③ 与啃食性鱼类或海胆混养；④ 频繁大幅换水或盐度波动；⑤ 强光直射导致藻类覆盖表面。","100","REVIEW_PENDING",[105,120,138,156,174],{"id":106,"type":107,"title":108,"sortOrder":109,"payload":110},10545,"TIMELINE","入缸节奏",10,[111,114,117],{"phase":112,"content":113},"入缸前","准备成熟海水缸，活石稳定，水温盐度与目标环境匹配，避免新缸急入。",{"phase":115,"content":116},"入缸","滴水过水至少 1 小时，全程不暴露空气，放置于中低水流处，固定于活石或硬质底质上。",{"phase":118,"content":119},"稳定后","观察进水孔是否通畅、颜色是否均匀，定期投喂悬浮饵料，保持水质稳定，避免强光直射。",{"id":121,"type":122,"title":123,"sortOrder":124,"payload":125},10546,"CHECKLIST","养好清单",20,[126,128,130,132,134,136],{"item":127,"must":15},"使用成熟海水缸，硝化系统稳定",{"item":129,"must":15},"提供中等水流促进滤食",{"item":131,"must":15},"全程避免暴露空气",{"item":133,"must":15},"定期添加浮游植物或海绵专用饲料",{"item":135,"must":15},"不与啃食性生物混养",{"item":137,"must":15},"保持盐度 33-35 ppt、水温 22-28℃",{"id":139,"type":140,"title":141,"sortOrder":142,"payload":143},10547,"FAQ","常见问题",30,[144,147,150,153],{"a":145,"q":146},"需要。海绵是滤食性生物，依靠水中悬浮有机物和微生物为食，应定期添加浮游植物或专用液体海绵饲料。","海绵需要喂食吗？",{"a":148,"q":149},"不会。海绵固着生活，不能主动移动位置。如放置位置不当，需人工调整。","海绵会移动吗？",{"a":151,"q":152},"低光或遮光环境更合适。强光容易导致藻类覆盖表面，影响滤食效率。","对光照有什么要求？",{"a":154,"q":155},"可以，但需避免化学竞争和空间挤压，保持适当距离，防止珊瑚刺细胞伤害海绵组织。","能否与珊瑚混养？",{"id":157,"type":158,"title":159,"sortOrder":160,"payload":161},10548,"DISEASE","常见问题与防治",40,[162,166,170],{"name":163,"action":164,"trigger":165},"组织损伤\u002F溃烂","改善水质，剪除坏死部分，防止继发感染；加强水流促进组织修复。","物理损伤或水质恶化",{"name":167,"action":168,"trigger":169},"藻类覆盖","降低光照强度，增强水流，人工轻轻清理表面藻类，控制营养盐。","光照过强或营养盐过高",{"name":171,"action":172,"trigger":173},"气栓\u002F水孔堵塞","立即将海绵放回水下，轻晃去除气泡；严重时可能无法恢复，应以预防为主。","暴露空气或气泡进入体内",{"id":175,"type":176,"title":177,"sortOrder":178,"payload":179},10549,"WARNING","混养与风险提醒",50,[180,184,187],{"text":181,"level":182,"reason":183},"暴露于空气会导致气栓死亡","BAD","海绵体内充满水，气栓会堵塞水孔系统，导致组织缺氧坏死。",{"text":185,"level":182,"reason":186},"与啃食性鱼类或海胆混养会破坏组织","这些生物会啃食海绵组织，造成不可逆损伤。",{"text":188,"level":189,"reason":190},"频繁盐度波动会导致萎缩","CAUTION","海绵对渗透压变化敏感，盐度突变会引发细胞脱水或肿胀，最终萎缩死亡。",[],{},[194],{"id":195,"mediaType":196,"usageType":197,"title":198,"caption":199,"remoteUrl":200,"localPath":201,"mimeType":202,"copyrightHolder":203,"licenseNote":204,"sortOrder":205,"sourceId":206},7260,"IMAGE","PRIMARY","光滑海绵（Mycale laevis）","学名匹配开放授权图；来源记录：https:\u002F\u002Fwww.inaturalist.org\u002Fobservations\u002F335484994","https:\u002F\u002Finaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fphotos\u002F609462028\u002Foriginal.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2671\u002FAQSP002176_88660e96bc.jpg","image\u002Fjpeg","Dan Schofield","http:\u002F\u002Fcreativecommons.org\u002Flicenses\u002Fby\u002F4.0\u002Flegalcode",0,103,{},[209,228,249,267,283],{"id":210,"speciesCode":211,"canonicalNameZh":212,"scientificName":213,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":214,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":215,"thumbnailUrl":216,"temperatureRange":74,"phRange":217,"sizeRange":218,"careDifficulty":90,"plantPlacement":35,"diet":76,"temperament":77,"feedingNotes":219,"aliases":220,"minimumTankL":35,"ghRange":35,"khRange":35,"lifespanRange":35,"priceRange":35,"priceUnit":35,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":35,"co2Requirement":35,"growthRate":35,"verificationTags":226,"lastVerifiedAt":27,"lastVerifierName":35,"verificationCount":205,"hasRefetchTag":227},2729,"AQSP002149","管瓶海绵","Aplysina archeri",30255,"原产于加勒比海的大型管状海绵，可高达1.5米，呈粉紫或薰衣草紫色。它是滤食性固着生物，依赖水体悬浮颗粒为食，需要稳定水流和持续投喂，饲养难度高，对水质变化敏感，适合成熟礁岩缸。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2644\u002FAQSP002149_9faedfb1c6.jpg","7.80-8.40","150.00 cm","需要持续提供悬浮的微小颗粒（如浮游植物、细菌、溶解有机物、专用海绵食物）。每日多次少量投喂，配合稳定水流；过量投喂会污染水质。",[221,222,223,224,225],"加勒比管海绵","烟囱海绵","紫管海绵","蓝管海绵","薰衣草海绵",[],false,{"id":229,"speciesCode":230,"canonicalNameZh":231,"scientificName":232,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":233,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":234,"thumbnailUrl":235,"temperatureRange":236,"phRange":237,"sizeRange":238,"careDifficulty":239,"plantPlacement":35,"diet":76,"temperament":77,"feedingNotes":240,"aliases":241,"minimumTankL":35,"ghRange":35,"khRange":35,"lifespanRange":35,"priceRange":35,"priceUnit":35,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":35,"co2Requirement":35,"growthRate":35,"verificationTags":248,"lastVerifiedAt":27,"lastVerifierName":35,"verificationCount":205,"hasRefetchTag":227},2730,"AQSP002150","管状巫毒海绵","Aplysina fistularis",30256,"原产于加勒比海珊瑚礁的大型黄色管状海绵，常见于5-30米深的岩礁坡面。管体可高达1米以上，鲜黄至橙黄色，暴露空气后易变黑。属滤食性，需成熟礁岩缸、强水流和持续悬浮食物，饲养难度极高。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2645\u002FAQSP002150_3f7568173e.jpg","24.00-27.00 C","8.00-8.40","60.00-120.00 cm","EXPERT","滤食性，需持续供应微细悬浮食物（浮游植物、细菌、溶解有机质或海绵专用饲料）；配合中等至强水流。",[242,243,244,245,246,247],"加勒比黄管海绵","巫毒海绵","海管海绵","管海绵","黄管海绵","黄色管状海绵",[],{"id":250,"speciesCode":251,"canonicalNameZh":252,"scientificName":253,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":254,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":255,"thumbnailUrl":256,"temperatureRange":257,"phRange":217,"sizeRange":35,"careDifficulty":66,"plantPlacement":35,"diet":76,"temperament":77,"feedingNotes":258,"aliases":259,"minimumTankL":35,"ghRange":35,"khRange":35,"lifespanRange":35,"priceRange":35,"priceUnit":35,"dataCompleteness":265,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":35,"co2Requirement":35,"growthRate":35,"verificationTags":266,"lastVerifiedAt":27,"lastVerifierName":35,"verificationCount":205,"hasRefetchTag":227},2733,"AQSP002153","疣角质海绵","Axinella verrucosa",30259,"地中海特有底栖海绵，学名 Axinella verrucosa 在 WoRMS 中被视为 Axinella brondstedi 的异名，水族贸易中仍沿用旧名。体表具疣状突起，滤食性，附着于岩礁；对水质和温度变化敏感，饲养难度中等偏高。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2648\u002FAQSP002153_eb326771c9.jpg","10.00-18.00 C","滤食水体中的悬浮有机物、细菌与微藻；在缸内可投喂海绵专用粉末或液体浮游植物，关闭水泵片刻使食物悬浮。",[260,261,262,263,264],"地中海疣海绵","布氏角质海绵","橙疣海绵","疣状花海绵","疣突海绵",90,[],{"id":268,"speciesCode":269,"canonicalNameZh":270,"scientificName":271,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":272,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":273,"thumbnailUrl":274,"temperatureRange":74,"phRange":217,"sizeRange":35,"careDifficulty":66,"plantPlacement":35,"diet":76,"temperament":77,"feedingNotes":275,"aliases":276,"minimumTankL":35,"ghRange":35,"khRange":35,"lifespanRange":35,"priceRange":35,"priceUnit":35,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":35,"co2Requirement":35,"growthRate":35,"verificationTags":282,"lastVerifiedAt":27,"lastVerifierName":35,"verificationCount":205,"hasRefetchTag":227},2735,"AQSP002155","小核桃海绵","Chondrilla nucula",30261,"小核桃海绵（Chondrilla nucula）是地中海及大西洋常见的皮壳状海绵，因外形似小核桃得名。质地坚韧如软骨，缺乏骨针，颜色从黄褐到灰绿。滤食水中微颗粒，饲养难度中等，对水质波动和空气暴露极敏感。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2650\u002FAQSP002155_b2cc9bdaa8.jpg","需要水体中持续存在的有机颗粒、浮游植物和细菌；可添加海绵专用饲料或珊瑚粮，维持中等营养水平。",[277,278,279,280,281],"地中海皮海绵","小坚果海绵","核桃海绵","软骨海绵","鸡肝海绵",[],{"id":284,"speciesCode":285,"canonicalNameZh":286,"scientificName":287,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":288,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":289,"thumbnailUrl":290,"temperatureRange":74,"phRange":217,"sizeRange":35,"careDifficulty":66,"plantPlacement":35,"diet":76,"temperament":77,"feedingNotes":291,"aliases":292,"minimumTankL":35,"ghRange":35,"khRange":35,"lifespanRange":35,"priceRange":35,"priceUnit":35,"dataCompleteness":297,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":35,"co2Requirement":35,"growthRate":35,"verificationTags":298,"lastVerifiedAt":27,"lastVerifierName":35,"verificationCount":205,"hasRefetchTag":227},2736,"AQSP002156","异枝海绵","Cinachyrella alloclada",30262,"异枝海绵（Cinachyrella alloclada）是分布于西大西洋热带海域（美国、巴西、加勒比海等）的底栖滤食性海绵，隶属 Tetillidae 科。体呈球形或块状，固着于硬质底质，靠过滤水中微生物和有机颗粒为食。饲养难度中等，对水质波动敏感，需成熟稳定的海水系统。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2651\u002FAQSP002156_3a29f3cd0a.jpg","依靠水体中悬浮的微颗粒食物（浮游植物、细菌、溶解有机物）为生，需定期添加海绵专用营养液或微藻补充营养；不会主动摄食大颗粒饲料。",[293,22,294,295,296],"海棉球","球海绵","礁岩海绵球","黄海绵",95,[],"zh-CN",[299],{"missingFields":302,"translatedFields":303,"locale":299,"totalFields":303,"status":304},"0","18","COMPLETE","2026-10-04 00:45:06"]