[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species-detail:aqsp002180-pinna-muricata":3},{"id":4,"speciesCode":5,"canonicalNameZh":6,"scientificName":7,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":10,"taxonomicStatus":11,"dataOrigin":12,"dataStatus":13,"primarySourceId":14,"active":15,"summary":16,"aliases":17,"taxonomyNodes":22,"taxonomyPath":61,"taxonomyPathText":60,"habitat":62,"care":75,"morphology":83,"reproduction":87,"plant":93,"careGuide":94,"careSections":103,"compatibility":190,"price":191,"dataCompleteness":14,"mediaAssets":192,"media":206,"relatedSpecies":207,"locale":308,"displayName":6,"commonName":6,"availableLocales":309,"translationCoverage":310,"updatedAt":314},2760,"AQSP002180","多刺裂江珧","Pinna muricata","INVERTEBRATE","MARINE",30286,"ACCEPTED","SOURCE_IMPORTED","VERIFIED",100,true,"多刺裂江珧是分布于印度-太平洋热带海域的大型滤食性双壳类，壳表具棘刺状突起，以足丝附着于沙泥或礁石底质。对盐度与温度波动敏感，饲养难度中等，需稳定水质并持续供应浮游生物，适合有经验的海水无脊椎缸。",[18,19,20,21],"刺江瑶","江瑶","海江瑶","笔贝",[23,29,35,41,47,52,57],{"id":24,"parentId":25,"rankCode":26,"scientificName":27,"chineseName":28,"pathText":27,"displayName":28},1,null,"KINGDOM","Animalia","动物界",{"id":30,"parentId":24,"rankCode":31,"scientificName":32,"chineseName":33,"pathText":34,"displayName":33},5,"PHYLUM","Mollusca","软体动物门","Animalia > Mollusca",{"id":36,"parentId":30,"rankCode":37,"scientificName":38,"chineseName":39,"pathText":40,"displayName":39},5507,"CLASS","Bivalvia","双壳纲","Animalia > Mollusca > Bivalvia",{"id":42,"parentId":36,"rankCode":43,"scientificName":44,"chineseName":45,"pathText":46,"displayName":44},5958,"ORDER","Ostreida","","Animalia > Mollusca > Bivalvia > Ostreida",{"id":48,"parentId":42,"rankCode":49,"scientificName":50,"chineseName":45,"pathText":51,"displayName":50},6073,"FAMILY","Pinnidae","Animalia > Mollusca > Bivalvia > Ostreida > Pinnidae",{"id":53,"parentId":48,"rankCode":54,"scientificName":55,"chineseName":45,"pathText":56,"displayName":55},6354,"GENUS","Pinna","Animalia > Mollusca > Bivalvia > Ostreida > Pinnidae > Pinna",{"id":58,"parentId":53,"rankCode":59,"scientificName":7,"chineseName":6,"pathText":60,"displayName":6},6747,"SPECIES","Animalia > Mollusca > Bivalvia > Ostreida > Pinnidae > Pinna > Pinna muricata",[28,33,39,44,50,55,6],{"salinity":9,"distribution":63,"naturalHabitat":64,"waterLayer":65,"currentPreference":66,"substratePreference":67,"depthMinM":45,"depthMaxM":45,"phMin":68,"phMax":69,"ghMinD":45,"ghMaxD":45,"distributionRegionsJson":70,"habitatType":71,"temperatureMinC":72,"temperatureMaxC":73,"temperature":74},"分布于印度-太平洋热带至亚热带海域，包括澳大利亚、菲律宾、日本、印度尼西亚、法属波利尼西亚、南非、美国（夏威夷）、塞舌尔等地。","栖息于浅海沙泥或碎珊瑚底质，以足丝附着于硬物或半埋于泥沙中，常见于潮间带至浅海。","BOTTOM","UNKNOWN","砂泥、碎珊瑚或砾石","7.80","8.40","[\"澳大利亚\", \"菲律宾\", \"美国\", \"日本\", \"南非\", \"印度尼西亚\", \"法属波利尼西亚\", \"塞舌尔\"]","浅海沙泥底 \u002F 礁区边缘","22.00","28.00","22.00-28.00 C",{"salinity":9,"difficulty":76,"diet":77,"temperament":78,"socialBehavior":79,"swimmingLayer":65,"minimumTankL":45,"temperatureMinC":72,"temperatureMaxC":73,"phMin":68,"phMax":69,"ghMinD":45,"ghMaxD":45,"khMinD":45,"khMaxD":45,"minimumGroupSize":45,"feedingNotes":80,"compatibilityNotes":81,"careNotes":82},"MODERATE","FILTER_FEEDER","PEACEFUL","SOLITARY","滤食性，需持续提供微小浮游生物、轮虫、藻类或专用滤食性贝类饲料；水流应携带食物颗粒，避免静水。","可与温和的鱼类和无脊椎动物混养，避免肉食性螺类、蟹类等可能攻击其外套膜；对铜基药物极敏感。","对盐度、温度波动敏感，需稳定水质；提供足丝附着点或至少10厘米厚砂床供其半埋。",{"maxLengthCm":45,"averageLengthCm":45,"lifespanMinYears":45,"lifespanMaxYears":45,"bodyShape":84,"coloration":85,"distinguishingFeatures":86,"sexualDimorphism":45},"贝壳薄而半透明，呈扇形或楔形，壳顶尖，后端宽圆；壳表具细密放射肋，肋上有鳞片状或棘状突起（种名 muricata 即指多刺）。","壳面淡黄褐色至浅棕色，半透明，具放射状色带；壳内面珍珠光泽。","壳表具明显的棘刺状突起，区别于其他江珧；壳形较窄长，足丝发达。",{"reproductionMode":88,"breedingDifficulty":89,"spawningType":90,"breedingSeason":45,"incubationDaysMin":45,"incubationDaysMax":45,"clutchSizeMin":45,"clutchSizeMax":45,"parentalCare":91,"breedingNotes":92},"EGG_LAYER","HARD","体外受精，释放配子","待复验","在水族箱内繁殖困难，需模拟自然产卵条件；幼体为浮游幼虫，需专门饵料培养。",{"plantNotes":45},{"setupNotes":95,"waterChangeNotes":96,"densityNotes":97,"acclimationNotes":98,"feedingSummary":99,"commonMistakes":100,"completeness":101,"status":102},"建议较大的成熟海水缸，提供至少10厘米厚的细砂或碎珊瑚底床，放入几块活石供其足丝附着；保持水质稳定，避免强水流直接冲击。","每周换水10-15%，使用优质海盐，避免盐度骤变。","每个缸通常只养1只，因它需要足够的底床空间；若缸体很大可尝试多只，但需保持距离。","过水时间需延长至1-2小时，缓慢滴流适应，尤其注意盐度和温度匹配。","需持续供应浮游生物或专用滤食饲料，可使用滴定泵缓慢投喂；保持水体中有机颗粒但不过量污染水质。","① 误以为可以靠缸内自然浮游生物生存而长期不喂；② 与食肉性螺类、蟹类混养导致外套膜被咬伤；③ 盐度或温度波动过大；④ 底床太浅或没有附着点导致应激。","100","REVIEW_PENDING",[104,119,137,155,173],{"id":105,"type":106,"title":107,"sortOrder":108,"payload":109},10565,"TIMELINE","入缸节奏",10,[110,113,116],{"phase":111,"content":112},"入缸前","准备成熟海水缸，底床至少10cm，检查盐度33-35ppt，温度22-28℃，pH 7.8-8.4。",{"phase":114,"content":115},"入缸","缓慢过水1-2小时，避免强光直射，将其半埋于砂床或置于活石旁，让它用足丝附着。",{"phase":117,"content":118},"稳定后","观察滤食行为，壳微张滤食为正常；定期投喂浮游生物，监测水质，避免大幅波动。",{"id":120,"type":121,"title":122,"sortOrder":123,"payload":124},10566,"CHECKLIST","养好清单",20,[125,127,129,131,133,135],{"item":126,"must":15},"成熟海水缸（至少运行6个月）",{"item":128,"must":15},"砂泥底床≥10cm",{"item":130,"must":15},"活石或硬质附着物",{"item":132,"must":15},"稳定盐度33-35ppt",{"item":134,"must":15},"浮游生物饲料（轮虫、藻类）",{"item":136,"must":15},"避免铜基药物",{"id":138,"type":139,"title":140,"sortOrder":141,"payload":142},10567,"FAQ","常见问题",30,[143,146,149,152],{"a":144,"q":145},"它是滤食性动物，主要摄食水中的微小浮游生物和有机碎屑，需要专门投喂轮虫、藻类或专用滤食饲料。","多刺裂江珧吃什么？",{"a":147,"q":148},"可以，但需提供足够的砂泥底床和附着物，避免与珊瑚竞争空间，并防止珊瑚刺伤其壳表。","可以养在珊瑚缸里吗？",{"a":150,"q":151},"不需要强光，中等光照即可，但需控制藻类过度生长，以免覆盖壳表影响滤食。","需要特殊光照吗？",{"a":153,"q":154},"贝壳闭合反应迅速，足丝附着牢固，滤食时壳微张且虹吸管活动正常。","如何判断是否健康？",{"id":156,"type":157,"title":158,"sortOrder":159,"payload":160},10568,"DISEASE","常见问题与防治",40,[161,165,169],{"name":162,"action":163,"trigger":164},"外套膜损伤","隔离饲养，保持水质清洁，防止继发感染；移除攻击性生物。","被肉食性鱼类或甲壳类咬伤",{"name":166,"action":167,"trigger":168},"壳顶侵蚀","稳定pH在8.0左右，补充钙和微量元素。","水质过酸或钙含量不足",{"name":170,"action":171,"trigger":172},"饥饿消瘦","增加投喂频率和饲料密度，使用滴定泵持续供应。","长期缺乏合适浮游生物饲料",{"id":174,"type":175,"title":176,"sortOrder":177,"payload":178},10569,"WARNING","混养与风险提醒",50,[179,183,186],{"text":180,"level":181,"reason":182},"对铜基药物极敏感，使用含铜药物会致死。","BAD","双壳类对铜离子高度敏感，铜制剂可导致急性中毒。",{"text":184,"level":181,"reason":185},"避免与大型肉食性蟹类、螺类混养。","这些生物会攻击其外套膜和足丝，造成严重伤害。",{"text":187,"level":188,"reason":189},"盐度骤变可能导致死亡。","CAUTION","江珧对渗透压变化适应能力差，需缓慢调节盐度。",[],{},[193],{"id":194,"mediaType":195,"usageType":196,"title":197,"caption":198,"remoteUrl":199,"localPath":200,"mimeType":201,"copyrightHolder":202,"licenseNote":203,"sortOrder":204,"sourceId":205},7264,"IMAGE","PRIMARY","多刺裂江珧（Pinna muricata）","学名匹配开放授权图；来源记录：https:\u002F\u002Fwww.inaturalist.org\u002Fobservations\u002F10879260","https:\u002F\u002Finaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fphotos\u002F15276798\u002Flarge.jpg","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2675\u002FAQSP002180_9c2e07cdd5.jpg","image\u002Fjpeg","Wynand Uys","CC-BY",0,102,{},[208,228,246,269,287],{"id":209,"speciesCode":210,"canonicalNameZh":211,"scientificName":212,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":213,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":214,"thumbnailUrl":215,"temperatureRange":74,"phRange":216,"sizeRange":217,"careDifficulty":76,"plantPlacement":45,"diet":77,"temperament":78,"feedingNotes":218,"aliases":219,"minimumTankL":225,"ghRange":45,"khRange":45,"lifespanRange":45,"priceRange":45,"priceUnit":45,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":45,"co2Requirement":45,"growthRate":45,"verificationTags":226,"lastVerifiedAt":25,"lastVerifierName":45,"verificationCount":204,"hasRefetchTag":227},2753,"AQSP002173","粗糙锉蛤","Ctenoides scaber",30279,"原产于西大西洋热带海域（美国东南部至加勒比海）的双壳类，壳表有粗糙放射肋，壳缘锯齿状，壳色从白到橙红多变。滤食性，以浮游生物为食，需持续提供悬浮食物，饲养难度中等偏上，对水质波动敏感，适合成熟海水缸，对珊瑚安全但易受肉食性鱼类攻击。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2668\u002FAQSP002173_9b7c373254.jpg","7.80-8.40","3.00-5.00 cm","滤食性，需每日多次投喂悬浮微藻、浮游动物或专用滤食饲料（如海洋雪、轮虫、丰年虾幼体）。投喂时可暂时关闭水泵，让食物在水中悬浮15-20分钟。",[220,221,222,223,224],"火焰贝","粗锉蛤","红锉蛤","锉蛤","锯齿锉蛤","100.00",[],false,{"id":229,"speciesCode":230,"canonicalNameZh":231,"scientificName":232,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":233,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":234,"thumbnailUrl":235,"temperatureRange":74,"phRange":216,"sizeRange":236,"careDifficulty":76,"plantPlacement":45,"diet":77,"temperament":78,"feedingNotes":237,"aliases":238,"minimumTankL":45,"ghRange":45,"khRange":45,"lifespanRange":45,"priceRange":45,"priceUnit":45,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":45,"co2Requirement":45,"growthRate":45,"verificationTags":245,"lastVerifiedAt":25,"lastVerifierName":45,"verificationCount":204,"hasRefetchTag":227},2768,"AQSP002188","变色海菊蛤","Spondylus varius",30294,"分布于印度-太平洋热带珊瑚礁（印尼、菲律宾、斐济、日本等），壳表密布棘刺，颜色个体间差异极大（紫、红、橙、黄）。滤食性双壳类，需成熟海缸并补充浮游植物，对水质波动敏感，饲养难度中等，忌强水流、捕食性生物和铜药。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2683\u002FAQSP002188_1f41ee5196.jpg","10.00-15.00 cm","滤食性，需定期投喂浮游植物（微藻、轮虫、专用珊瑚滤食粮），避免过度喂食污染水质。",[239,240,241,242,243,244],"变色海菊","棘刺海菊蛤","海菊花","海菊贝","紫海菊","红海菊",[],{"id":247,"speciesCode":248,"canonicalNameZh":249,"scientificName":250,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":251,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":252,"thumbnailUrl":253,"temperatureRange":254,"phRange":255,"sizeRange":236,"careDifficulty":76,"plantPlacement":45,"diet":256,"temperament":78,"feedingNotes":257,"aliases":258,"minimumTankL":225,"ghRange":45,"khRange":265,"lifespanRange":266,"priceRange":45,"priceUnit":45,"dataCompleteness":267,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":45,"co2Requirement":45,"growthRate":45,"verificationTags":268,"lastVerifiedAt":25,"lastVerifierName":45,"verificationCount":204,"hasRefetchTag":227},2301,"AQSP001722","番红砗磲","Tridacna crocea",10061,"原产于印度-太平洋热带珊瑚礁的小型砗磲，是砗磲属中体型最小的种类之一（最大壳长约15cm），具独特钻穴习性——可分泌酸液将壳体完全嵌入珊瑚或石灰岩中，只露出色彩绚丽的外套膜。外套膜以蓝、绿、棕为主，带虹彩斑纹；饲养需强光与稳定钙\u002F碱度，不适合新手。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2137\u002FAQGAPDA2102808BC1_69c797d590.jpg","25.00-27.00 C","8.10-8.40","OMNIVORE","主要营养来自共生虫黄藻，需强光（PAR 150-250+）；也会滤食水中浮游生物与有机碎屑，每周可添加浮游植物或珊瑚粮。",[259,260,261,262,263,264],"番红蚌","红海菊砗磲","圆砗磲","小砗磲","番红蛤","穴居砗磲","7.00-12.00","10.00-20.00",97,[],{"id":270,"speciesCode":271,"canonicalNameZh":272,"scientificName":273,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":274,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":275,"thumbnailUrl":276,"temperatureRange":74,"phRange":216,"sizeRange":277,"careDifficulty":76,"plantPlacement":45,"diet":77,"temperament":78,"feedingNotes":278,"aliases":279,"minimumTankL":284,"ghRange":45,"khRange":45,"lifespanRange":285,"priceRange":45,"priceUnit":45,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":45,"co2Requirement":45,"growthRate":45,"verificationTags":286,"lastVerifiedAt":25,"lastVerifierName":45,"verificationCount":204,"hasRefetchTag":227},2948,"AQSP002368","魔鬼砗磲","Tridacna derasa",10474,"魔鬼砗磲（Tridacna derasa）是西太平洋大型砗磲，最大壳长可达60 cm，外套膜以蓝、绿、棕等斑驳色为主。它依赖共生虫黄藻，也滤食浮游生物；饲养需强光与稳定钙\u002F碱度，难度中等。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2863\u002FAQSP002368_48fc7a693e.jpg","35.00-60.00 cm","以共生虫黄藻提供大部分能量，但幼体滤食浮游生物需求更高；可每周添加浮游植物或专用珊瑚粮，保持水体清澈。",[280,281,282,283],"南太平洋大砗磲","德氏砗磲","德氏贝","无鳞砗磲","200.00","20.00-50.00",[],{"id":288,"speciesCode":289,"canonicalNameZh":290,"scientificName":291,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":292,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":293,"thumbnailUrl":294,"temperatureRange":295,"phRange":255,"sizeRange":296,"careDifficulty":76,"plantPlacement":45,"diet":256,"temperament":78,"feedingNotes":297,"aliases":298,"minimumTankL":305,"ghRange":45,"khRange":265,"lifespanRange":306,"priceRange":45,"priceUnit":45,"dataCompleteness":267,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":45,"co2Requirement":45,"growthRate":45,"verificationTags":307,"lastVerifiedAt":25,"lastVerifierName":45,"verificationCount":204,"hasRefetchTag":227},2302,"AQSP001723","库氏砗磲","Tridacna gigas",10062,"库氏砗磲是世界上最大的双壳类，壳长可达 1.2 m、重逾 200 kg，分布于印度-太平洋热带珊瑚礁浅水区。它固着生活，靠外套膜内共生的虫黄藻提供大部分营养，同时滤食浮游生物。水族箱饲养需要极稳定的大型礁岩缸、强光照和较高钙\u002F碱度，属高难度物种。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2138\u002FAQGAP60578A43B677_c43c0f2cd2.jpg","24.00-28.00 C","60.00-120.00 cm","主要依靠虫黄藻光合作用提供能量，无需频繁投喂；可每周补充少量浮游植物或专用砗磲粮，过量投喂会污染水质。",[299,300,301,302,303,304],"大砗磲","巨蚌","太平洋大砗磲","巨人砗磲","巨砗磲","砗磲蛤","500.00","50.00-100.00",[],"zh-CN",[308],{"missingFields":311,"translatedFields":312,"locale":308,"totalFields":312,"status":313},"0","18","COMPLETE","2026-10-04 00:45:06"]