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orbignyi",[30,35,41,47,53,59,6],{"salinity":9,"distribution":67,"naturalHabitat":68,"waterLayer":69,"currentPreference":70,"substratePreference":71,"depthMinM":72,"depthMaxM":72,"phMin":73,"phMax":74,"ghMinD":75,"ghMaxD":76,"distributionRegionsJson":77,"habitatType":78,"temperatureMinC":79,"temperatureMaxC":80,"temperature":81},"分布于南美洲北部和中部：巴西、哥伦比亚、委内瑞拉、苏里南、圭亚那、秘鲁、法属圭亚那、巴拉圭等国家。","栖息于南美洲河流、湖泊及泛滥平原的缓流或静水环境，多在水体底层泥沙底质上活动。","BOTTOM","SLOW","细沙、泥底","","6.80","7.50","2.00","18.00","[\"巴西\", \"哥伦比亚\", \"委内瑞拉\", \"苏里南\", \"圭亚那\", \"秘鲁\", \"法属圭亚那\", \"巴拉圭\"]","河流／湖泊／泛滥平原的泥沙底质区","24.00","26.00","24.00-26.00 C",{"salinity":9,"difficulty":83,"diet":84,"temperament":85,"socialBehavior":86,"swimmingLayer":69,"minimumTankL":87,"temperatureMinC":79,"temperatureMaxC":80,"phMin":73,"phMax":74,"ghMinD":75,"ghMaxD":76,"khMinD":72,"khMaxD":72,"minimumGroupSize":72,"feedingNotes":88,"compatibilityNotes":89,"careNotes":90},"MODERATE","CARNIVORE","PREDATORY","SOLITARY","300.00","肉食性，主食小鱼、虾、水生昆虫、蠕虫等活饵或冷冻饵；需逐渐训练接受人工饲料。避免投喂油脂高的肉类和单一饵料。","不能与小型鱼、虾类混养，会被吞食；可与体型较大、中上层鱼类混养，但需防止尾刺伤及同缸鱼。同种混养需极大缸体并密切观察争斗。","需细沙底床避免腹部刮伤；过滤强大，溶氧充足；操作时必须远离尾刺，避免徒手抓取。",{"maxLengthCm":92,"averageLengthCm":93,"lifespanMinYears":72,"lifespanMaxYears":72,"bodyShape":94,"coloration":95,"distinguishingFeatures":96,"sexualDimorphism":97},"35.00","26.25","体盘扁平近圆形，吻部稍突出，尾细长如鞭，尾基部具1-2枚锯齿状毒刺。","体盘背侧灰褐色至浅棕色，散布大小不等的圆形或近圆形深色斑点，斑点边界清晰；腹部乳白色。","与同属其他淡水魟鱼相比，圆点魟体盘斑点更圆、色深，尾刺比例较长；幼体斑纹与成体差异较大，需结合产地和体盘比例区分。","雌雄外观差异不明显，成熟雄鱼腹鳍内侧具交接器（鳍脚），雌鱼体型略大。",{"reproductionMode":99,"breedingDifficulty":100,"spawningType":101,"breedingSeason":72,"incubationDaysMin":72,"incubationDaysMax":72,"clutchSizeMin":72,"clutchSizeMax":72,"parentalCare":102,"breedingNotes":103},"OVOVIVIPAROUS","HARD","胎生（产仔）","待复验","卵在母体内孵化并发育，产出独立幼鱼；亲鱼产后不进行育幼。每胎产仔数少，具体数量与母体体型有关。人工繁殖需要极稳定的水质和充足营养，幼鱼对水质敏感。",{"plantNotes":72},{"setupNotes":106,"waterChangeNotes":107,"densityNotes":108,"acclimationNotes":109,"feedingSummary":110,"commonMistakes":111,"completeness":112,"status":113},"300L以上大缸，底铺细沙，放置沉木或大石但避免尖锐边缘，留出开阔沙面供休息；过滤需高效，最好配置滴流或底滤，保证溶氧。","每周换水25-30%，使用困水或经过RO\u002F软水树脂处理的水，注意温度与缸内一致，防止水质参数剧烈变化。","通常单养；若需混养同种，建议每尾至少增加150L水体，并密切观察争斗。","用滴流法缓慢过水至少1小时，避免温度和pH骤变；入缸后关灯静养1-2天再投喂。","每日1-2次，投喂量以5分钟内吃完为宜；饵料需多样化，避免单一。","① 用砾石或尖锐底砂导致腹部擦伤；② 混养小型鱼被吞食；③ 水质波动大引起拒食或疾病；④ 徒手抓取被尾刺蜇伤。","100","REVIEW_PENDING",[115,130,148,166,183],{"id":116,"type":117,"title":118,"sortOrder":119,"payload":120},11260,"TIMELINE","入缸节奏",10,[121,124,127],{"phase":122,"content":123},"入缸前","准备至少300L缸，底铺5cm以上细沙（不可有尖锐颗粒），安装高效过滤并养水至少2-3周，确保氨氮为零、溶氧充足。",{"phase":125,"content":126},"入缸","用滴流法缓慢过水1小时以上，使温度、pH逐渐同步；避免用网兜直接捞取以免尾刺缠绕，可用容器转移。",{"phase":128,"content":129},"稳定后","观察摄食与呼吸频率，每周换水30%，每月检查体盘和尾刺有无损伤；保持水质稳定，避免pH和温度大幅波动。",{"id":131,"type":132,"title":133,"sortOrder":134,"payload":135},11261,"CHECKLIST","养好清单",20,[136,138,140,142,144,146],{"item":137,"must":15},"缸体底面积至少150cm×60cm，容量≥300L",{"item":139,"must":15},"底床使用细沙或泥质底，无尖锐颗粒",{"item":141,"must":15},"过滤系统强大，溶氧充足",{"item":143,"must":15},"水温维持24-26°C，pH 6.8-7.5",{"item":145,"must":15},"饵料以小鱼、虾、水生昆虫等肉食为主",{"item":147,"must":15},"避免混养小型鱼和底栖无脊椎动物",{"id":149,"type":150,"title":151,"sortOrder":152,"payload":153},11262,"FAQ","常见问题",30,[154,157,160,163],{"a":155,"q":156},"会。尾刺基部有毒腺，刺伤后会引起剧烈疼痛、肿胀，需及时处理并就医。日常维护务必避免徒手接触尾部。","圆点魟会蜇人吗？",{"a":158,"q":159},"不能。圆点魟是肉食性底栖捕食者，会主动捕食任何能吞下的小鱼和底栖无脊椎动物。","能和鼠鱼、灯鱼等小型鱼混养吗？",{"a":161,"q":162},"至少300L且底面积不小于150×60cm。幼体可先用小缸，但成体后必须换大缸，否则会因活动空间受限导致应激和拒食。","需要多大缸才能养？",{"a":164,"q":165},"不可以。红虫营养单一，长期会导致营养不良和维生素缺乏。应搭配小鱼、虾、蚯蚓等多样饵料，并逐步训练接受冷冻或人工饲料。","只喂红虫可以吗？",{"id":167,"type":168,"title":169,"sortOrder":170,"payload":171},11263,"DISEASE","常见问题与防治",40,[172,176,179],{"name":173,"action":174,"trigger":175},"白点病","隔离异常个体，检测氨氮、亚硝酸盐、水温与溶氧并改善水质；需用药时先明确病因，再严格按水族专用产品说明操作。","水温骤变或水质恶化",{"name":177,"action":174,"trigger":178},"体盘溃疡\u002F烂边","水质差或底砂擦伤感染",{"name":180,"action":181,"trigger":182},"氨氮中毒","换水50%，暂停投喂，增加曝气，检查过滤。","过滤不足或过度投喂",{"id":184,"type":185,"title":186,"sortOrder":187,"payload":188},11264,"WARNING","混养与风险提醒",50,[189,193,196],{"text":190,"level":191,"reason":192},"尾刺有毒，操作时严禁徒手抓取或从尾部接近","BAD","尾刺可造成深度穿刺和剧痛，需专业处理",{"text":194,"level":191,"reason":195},"禁止与小型鱼、虾类混养","圆点魟会捕食体型小于其口宽的小鱼和底栖生物",{"text":197,"level":198,"reason":199},"底床必须使用细沙，不能使用砾石或尖锐底材","CAUTION","腹部皮肤薄，易被尖锐底材划伤并感染",[],{},[203],{"id":204,"mediaType":205,"usageType":206,"title":207,"caption":208,"remoteUrl":209,"localPath":210,"mimeType":211,"copyrightHolder":212,"licenseNote":213,"sortOrder":214,"sourceId":215},7386,"IMAGE","PRIMARY","圆点魟（Potamotrygon orbignyi）","学名匹配开放授权图；来源记录：https:\u002F\u002Fwww.inaturalist.org\u002Fobservations\u002F18715924","https:\u002F\u002Finaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fphotos\u002F28658424\u002Flarge.jpeg","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2814\u002FAQSP002319_68656401fe.jpg","image\u002Fjpeg","Carlos Ruiz","CC-BY",0,102,{},[218,241,263,285,305],{"id":219,"speciesCode":220,"canonicalNameZh":221,"scientificName":222,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":223,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":224,"thumbnailUrl":225,"temperatureRange":226,"phRange":227,"sizeRange":228,"careDifficulty":83,"plantPlacement":72,"diet":84,"temperament":85,"feedingNotes":229,"aliases":230,"minimumTankL":237,"ghRange":238,"khRange":72,"lifespanRange":72,"priceRange":72,"priceUnit":72,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":72,"co2Requirement":72,"growthRate":72,"verificationTags":239,"lastVerifiedAt":27,"lastVerifierName":72,"verificationCount":214,"hasRefetchTag":240},2896,"AQSP002316","七星魟","Potamotrygon falkneri",10422,"南美淡水魟鱼，原产于巴拉那河、巴拉圭河等水系（巴西、阿根廷、巴拉圭等），体盘可达60 cm，背部具7个大型深色斑点（商品名“七星”来源），尾刺有毒。底栖肉食性，捕食小鱼虾，需600 L以上大缸，不可与小型鱼混养。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2811\u002FAQSP002316_68706327b0.jpg","20.00-28.00 C","6.00-7.80","45.00-60.00 cm","肉食性，提供小鱼、虾、蚯蚓、冷冻红虫等；可训练接受沉底颗粒或自制肉食饲料。每日1次，量以5分钟内吃完为准，避免过量污染水质。",[231,232,233,234,235,236],"七星珍珠魟","南美淡水珍珠魟","大点河魟","巴拉圭淡水魟","金点淡水魟","金点魟","600.00","2.00-18.00",[],false,{"id":242,"speciesCode":243,"canonicalNameZh":244,"scientificName":245,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":246,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":247,"thumbnailUrl":248,"temperatureRange":249,"phRange":250,"sizeRange":251,"careDifficulty":100,"plantPlacement":72,"diet":84,"temperament":85,"feedingNotes":252,"aliases":253,"minimumTankL":237,"ghRange":260,"khRange":72,"lifespanRange":72,"priceRange":72,"priceUnit":72,"dataCompleteness":261,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":72,"co2Requirement":72,"growthRate":72,"verificationTags":262,"lastVerifiedAt":27,"lastVerifierName":72,"verificationCount":214,"hasRefetchTag":240},2897,"AQSP002317","泰托魟","Potamotrygon henlei",10423,"泰托魟（Potamotrygon henlei）原产于巴西托坎廷斯河流域，是南美热带淡水软骨鱼，最大体盘可达45cm，体背黑底浅色圆点或虫纹。属底栖肉食性，尾基部有毒刺，饲养需600L以上大缸与稳定水质，不适合新手，也不可与小型鱼混养。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2812\u002FAQSP002317_9b79b88717.jpg","23.00-28.00 C","5.80-7.20","33.75-45.00 cm","肉食性，幼鱼可喂红虫、丝蚯蚓、碎虾肉，成鱼可喂鱼肉、虾、贝类，也可驯食沉底颗粒或冷冻饵；每日1次或隔日投喂，以几分钟内吃完为准。",[254,255,256,257,258,259],"亨利魟","大齿河魟","泰托河魟","黑帝王魟","黑白珍珠魟","黑白魟","4.00-15.00",95,[],{"id":264,"speciesCode":265,"canonicalNameZh":266,"scientificName":267,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":268,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":269,"thumbnailUrl":270,"temperatureRange":271,"phRange":272,"sizeRange":273,"careDifficulty":100,"plantPlacement":72,"diet":84,"temperament":85,"feedingNotes":274,"aliases":275,"minimumTankL":281,"ghRange":282,"khRange":72,"lifespanRange":283,"priceRange":72,"priceUnit":72,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":72,"co2Requirement":72,"growthRate":72,"verificationTags":284,"lastVerifiedAt":27,"lastVerifierName":72,"verificationCount":214,"hasRefetchTag":240},2898,"AQSP002318","贾布蒂魟","Potamotrygon jabuti",10424,"原产于巴西托坎廷斯河流域的淡水魟，体盘具龟壳状斑纹，尾刺有毒。底栖性，掠食小鱼和底栖无脊椎动物，需超大缸和成熟过滤，饲养难度高，不宜与小型鱼混养。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2813\u002FAQSP002318_d0e602ca37.jpg","24.00-28.00 C","6.00-7.50","30.00-45.00 cm","肉食性，需提供高蛋白饵料，如虾肉、鱼肉、蚯蚓、冷冻红虫等，也可训练接受沉底颗粒，但不应以植物性食物为主。",[276,277,278,279,280],"Jabuti 珍珠魟","巴西龟纹魟","托坎廷斯魟","贾布蒂珍珠魟","龟纹魟","400.00","2.00-12.00","10.00-15.00",[],{"id":286,"speciesCode":287,"canonicalNameZh":288,"scientificName":289,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":290,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":291,"thumbnailUrl":292,"temperatureRange":293,"phRange":272,"sizeRange":294,"careDifficulty":83,"plantPlacement":72,"diet":295,"temperament":296,"feedingNotes":297,"aliases":298,"minimumTankL":301,"ghRange":302,"khRange":72,"lifespanRange":303,"priceRange":72,"priceUnit":72,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":72,"co2Requirement":72,"growthRate":72,"verificationTags":304,"lastVerifiedAt":27,"lastVerifierName":72,"verificationCount":214,"hasRefetchTag":240},14,"AQSP000014","利氏江魟","Potamotrygon leopoldi",577,"利氏江魟（Potamotrygon leopoldi）是一种淡水观赏鱼。属杂食性，性情温和，可群养。饲养难度为中等。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F14\u002F8-discern.jpg","20.00-29.00 C","60.00-111.00 cm","OMNIVORE","PEACEFUL","杂食性。可投喂合适的颗粒或薄片饲料，辅以冻饵和活饵。",[299,300],"皇冠魟鱼","皇冠黑白魟鱼","500.00","0.00-5.00","10.00-12.00",[],{"id":306,"speciesCode":307,"canonicalNameZh":308,"scientificName":309,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":310,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":311,"thumbnailUrl":312,"temperatureRange":313,"phRange":227,"sizeRange":228,"careDifficulty":100,"plantPlacement":72,"diet":84,"temperament":85,"feedingNotes":314,"aliases":315,"minimumTankL":237,"ghRange":238,"khRange":72,"lifespanRange":72,"priceRange":72,"priceUnit":72,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":72,"co2Requirement":72,"growthRate":72,"verificationTags":322,"lastVerifiedAt":27,"lastVerifierName":72,"verificationCount":214,"hasRefetchTag":240},2900,"AQSP002320","施罗德魟","Potamotrygon schroederi",10426,"南美洲北部淡水底栖魟，见于巴西、哥伦比亚、委内瑞拉和圭亚那河川。最大体长约60 cm，体盘深色带浅色斑点，尾刺有毒。肉食性，水族箱中需600 L以上细底砂环境，会捕食小型鱼，不能作为温和混养鱼。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2815\u002FAQSP002320_706990e1a4.jpg","18.00-25.00 C","沉底肉食性，提供虾肉、鱼肉、贝类、蚯蚓及高蛋白沉底颗粒；幼体每日1-2次，成体可每日一次，量以10分钟内吃完为准。",[316,317,318,319,320,321],"南美河魟","南美淡水黄貂鱼","奥里诺科河魟","施罗德珍珠魟","淡水珍珠魟","黑珍珠魟",[],"zh-CN",[323],{"missingFields":326,"translatedFields":327,"locale":323,"totalFields":327,"status":328},"0","18","COMPLETE","2026-10-04 00:45:06"]