[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"species-detail:aqsp002395-marsilea-quadrifolia":3},{"id":4,"speciesCode":5,"canonicalNameZh":6,"scientificName":7,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":10,"taxonomicStatus":11,"dataOrigin":12,"dataStatus":13,"primarySourceId":14,"active":15,"summary":16,"aliases":17,"taxonomyNodes":24,"taxonomyPath":65,"taxonomyPathText":64,"habitat":66,"care":83,"morphology":97,"reproduction":102,"plant":107,"careGuide":116,"careSections":125,"compatibility":213,"price":214,"dataCompleteness":14,"mediaAssets":215,"media":229,"relatedSpecies":230,"locale":312,"displayName":6,"commonName":6,"availableLocales":313,"translationCoverage":314,"updatedAt":318},2975,"AQSP002395","四叶苹","Marsilea quadrifolia","PLANT","FRESHWATER",10501,"ACCEPTED","SOURCE_IMPORTED","VERIFIED",100,true,"原产欧亚大陆温带至亚热带的多年生水生蕨类，叶片由四片倒三角形小叶组成，形似四叶草，故得名。可沉水、浮叶或挺水生长，耐寒性强，水族箱中易栽培，常作中景或前景，是入门级水草。",[18,19,20,21,22,23],"十字草","南国田字草","四叶草","四瓣草","田字草","田字萍",[25,31,37,43,49,55,61],{"id":26,"parentId":27,"rankCode":28,"scientificName":29,"chineseName":30,"pathText":29,"displayName":30},760,null,"KINGDOM","Plantae","植物界",{"id":32,"parentId":26,"rankCode":33,"scientificName":34,"chineseName":35,"pathText":36,"displayName":35},761,"PHYLUM","Tracheophyta","维管植物门","Plantae > Tracheophyta",{"id":38,"parentId":32,"rankCode":39,"scientificName":40,"chineseName":41,"pathText":42,"displayName":41},766,"CLASS","Polypodiopsida","薄囊蕨纲","Plantae > Tracheophyta > Polypodiopsida",{"id":44,"parentId":38,"rankCode":45,"scientificName":46,"chineseName":47,"pathText":48,"displayName":47},2855,"ORDER","Salviniales","槐叶苹目","Plantae > Tracheophyta > Polypodiopsida > Salviniales",{"id":50,"parentId":44,"rankCode":51,"scientificName":52,"chineseName":53,"pathText":54,"displayName":53},3512,"FAMILY","Marsileaceae","蘋科","Plantae > Tracheophyta > Polypodiopsida > Salviniales > Marsileaceae",{"id":56,"parentId":50,"rankCode":57,"scientificName":58,"chineseName":59,"pathText":60,"displayName":59},3513,"GENUS","Marsilea","蘋属","Plantae > Tracheophyta > Polypodiopsida > Salviniales > Marsileaceae > Marsilea",{"id":62,"parentId":56,"rankCode":63,"scientificName":7,"chineseName":6,"pathText":64,"displayName":6},6962,"SPECIES","Plantae > Tracheophyta > Polypodiopsida > Salviniales > Marsileaceae > Marsilea > Marsilea quadrifolia",[30,35,41,47,53,59,6],{"salinity":9,"distribution":67,"naturalHabitat":68,"waterLayer":69,"currentPreference":70,"substratePreference":71,"depthMinM":72,"depthMaxM":73,"phMin":74,"phMax":75,"ghMinD":76,"ghMaxD":77,"distributionRegionsJson":78,"habitatType":79,"temperatureMinC":80,"temperatureMaxC":81,"temperature":82},"原产于欧洲、亚洲温带至亚热带地区，包括法国、意大利、德国、中国、日本、韩国等；已归化至北美部分地区。","常见于池塘、沟渠、稻田、沼泽等静水或缓流浅水环境，底质多为泥质或细砂，常挺水或浮叶生长。","BOTTOM","STILL","泥质或细砂底质","0.05","0.60","5.50","7.50","2.00","15.00","[\"法国\", \"美国\", \"日本\", \"韩国\", \"瑞士\", \"意大利\", \"中国\", \"德国\"]","池塘 \u002F 沟渠 \u002F 稻田 \u002F 沼泽","5.00","30.00","5.00-30.00 C",{"salinity":9,"difficulty":84,"diet":85,"temperament":86,"socialBehavior":87,"swimmingLayer":88,"minimumTankL":89,"temperatureMinC":77,"temperatureMaxC":90,"phMin":91,"phMax":75,"ghMinD":76,"ghMaxD":77,"khMinD":92,"khMaxD":93,"minimumGroupSize":89,"feedingNotes":94,"compatibilityNotes":95,"careNotes":96},"EASY","AUTOTROPH","UNKNOWN","NOT_APPLICABLE","ATTACHED","","28.00","6.00","1.00","8.00","通过根系和叶片吸收养分，建议定期添加含氮、磷、钾及微量元素的液肥；缺铁时新叶发黄。","可与大多数小型温和鱼类及观赏虾混养，但应避免大型草食性鱼类（如锦鲤、金鱼）和爱挖掘底床的鱼类。","中等光照即可，CO2非必需；强光下需配合施肥防藻。定期修剪可控制株高并促进密植。",{"maxLengthCm":89,"averageLengthCm":89,"lifespanMinYears":89,"lifespanMaxYears":89,"bodyShape":98,"coloration":99,"distinguishingFeatures":100,"sexualDimorphism":101},"多年生水生蕨类，根状茎细长横走，节上生根；叶柄细长，顶端着生4片倒三角形小叶，呈十字形排列。","叶色浅绿至深绿，新叶偏黄绿，叶背有时带淡紫色；水中叶较薄，水上叶较厚且被短毛。","四片小叶组成田字或十字形叶片，与三叶苹等近缘种相比，小叶较宽、叶脉清晰；与陆生酢浆草相似但生境为水生或湿生。","不明显",{"reproductionMode":103,"breedingDifficulty":84,"spawningType":104,"breedingSeason":89,"incubationDaysMin":89,"incubationDaysMax":89,"clutchSizeMin":89,"clutchSizeMax":89,"parentalCare":105,"breedingNotes":106},"VEGETATIVE","营养繁殖（根状茎分株）","待复验","主要通过根状茎分株繁殖，剪取带根的茎段重新栽种即可；也可产生孢子果进行有性繁殖，但水族箱中较少见。",{"growthForm":108,"placement":109,"growthRate":110,"lightRequirement":110,"co2Requirement":111,"heightMinCm":112,"heightMaxCm":81,"substrateRequirement":113,"nutrientDemand":110,"propagationMethod":114,"plantNotes":115},"FERN","MIDGROUND","MEDIUM","OPTIONAL","10.00","细颗粒水草泥或砂，可配合基肥","根状茎分株","可水陆两栖，水上叶与水中叶形态差异较大；强光下匍匐生长更密集，弱光则叶柄伸长、叶变小。定期修剪可控制株高并促进密植。",{"setupNotes":117,"waterChangeNotes":118,"densityNotes":119,"acclimationNotes":120,"feedingSummary":121,"commonMistakes":122,"completeness":123,"status":124},"适合中景或前景种植，底床选用细颗粒水草泥或砂，株距3-5cm。提供中等光照，CO2非必需，添加可促进生长。","每周换水20-30%，保持水质清洁，避免藻类滋生。","可成片种植形成草坪，避免过密导致底部光照不足。","新株入缸时先适应水质，初期可能出现老叶溶叶，属正常现象；待新根和新叶长出后逐步增加光照。","定期添加液肥或根肥，缺铁时新叶发黄；缺钾时老叶出现破洞。","① 光照过强或时间过长导致藻类附着；② 底床缺乏营养导致生长停滞；③ 任其长高不修剪，遮挡其他植物；④ 与大型草食性鱼类混养被啃食。","100","REVIEW_PENDING",[126,141,160,178,196],{"id":127,"type":128,"title":129,"sortOrder":130,"payload":131},11640,"TIMELINE","入缸节奏",10,[132,135,138],{"phase":133,"content":134},"入缸前","检查根状茎是否健康，去除烂叶和杂物；底床铺设细颗粒水草泥或砂，可加入少量基肥。",{"phase":136,"content":137},"入缸","将根状茎浅埋底床，露出叶片，避免深埋；初期可能发生老叶溶叶，属适应过程。",{"phase":139,"content":140},"稳定后","新叶开始长出，匍匐茎蔓延；可适当修剪过长叶柄，控制株高并促进侧芽萌发，保持株型整齐。",{"id":142,"type":143,"title":144,"sortOrder":145,"payload":146},11641,"CHECKLIST","养好清单",20,[147,149,151,153,155,158],{"item":148,"must":15},"提供中等光照，避免强光直射",{"item":150,"must":15},"底床使用细颗粒水草泥或砂",{"item":152,"must":15},"定期添加液肥，注意铁、钾元素",{"item":154,"must":15},"水温控制在15-28℃，避免超过30℃",{"item":156,"must":157},"定期修剪，控制株高",false,{"item":159,"must":15},"避免与大型草食性鱼类混养",{"id":161,"type":162,"title":163,"sortOrder":164,"payload":165},11642,"FAQ","常见问题",30,[166,169,172,175],{"a":167,"q":168},"是的，它属于苹科（Marsileaceae）的水生蕨类，通过根状茎和孢子繁殖，不开花。","四叶苹是蕨类植物吗？",{"a":170,"q":171},"幼叶或环境不适时可能出现三片或不完整小叶，属于正常现象；待植株成熟或环境稳定后会恢复四片小叶。","为什么新长出的叶片有时不是四片？",{"a":173,"q":174},"可以，四叶苹对CO2要求不高，中等光照配合液肥即可生长，但添加CO2可加快生长速度。","可以在没有CO2的缸里养吗？",{"a":176,"q":177},"可以，但水上叶转水下时可能出现溶叶，新长出的水中叶会适应水下环境；保持良好水质和光照有助于转化。","可以水上叶转水下叶吗？",{"id":179,"type":180,"title":181,"sortOrder":182,"payload":183},11643,"DISEASE","常见问题与防治",40,[184,188,192],{"name":185,"action":186,"trigger":187},"缺铁黄叶","添加含铁液肥或根肥，按说明剂量补充，通常1-2周可改善。","铁元素缺乏，常见于新叶",{"name":189,"action":190,"trigger":191},"缺钾破洞","添加钾肥，同时检查施肥频率和水质。","钾元素缺乏，老叶出现黄斑或破洞",{"name":193,"action":194,"trigger":195},"藻类附着","减少光照时长或强度，增加换水频率，手动清除藻类，可引入食藻生物如黑壳虾辅助。","光照过强或营养不均衡",{"id":197,"type":198,"title":199,"sortOrder":200,"payload":201},11644,"WARNING","混养与风险提醒",50,[202,206,210],{"text":203,"level":204,"reason":205},"忌与大型草食性鱼类（如锦鲤、金鱼）混养","BAD","会被大量啃食，导致植株受损甚至死亡。",{"text":207,"level":208,"reason":209},"避免长期强光直射","CAUTION","强光可能灼伤叶片并诱发藻类爆发。",{"text":211,"level":208,"reason":212},"水温长期超过30℃","可能导致叶片溶化、植株活力下降。",[],{},[216],{"id":217,"mediaType":218,"usageType":219,"title":220,"caption":221,"remoteUrl":222,"localPath":223,"mimeType":224,"copyrightHolder":225,"licenseNote":226,"sortOrder":227,"sourceId":228},7460,"IMAGE","PRIMARY","四叶苹（Marsilea quadrifolia）","学名匹配开放授权图；来源记录：https:\u002F\u002Fwww.inaturalist.org\u002Fobservations\u002F252414410","https:\u002F\u002Finaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fphotos\u002F451850954\u002Flarge.jpeg","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2890\u002FAQSP002395_16212a48ea.jpg","image\u002Fjpeg","Philip Precey","CC0",0,102,{},[231,252,268,284,301],{"id":232,"speciesCode":233,"canonicalNameZh":234,"scientificName":235,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":236,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":237,"thumbnailUrl":238,"temperatureRange":239,"phRange":240,"sizeRange":241,"careDifficulty":84,"plantPlacement":242,"diet":85,"temperament":86,"feedingNotes":243,"aliases":244,"minimumTankL":89,"ghRange":89,"khRange":89,"lifespanRange":89,"priceRange":89,"priceUnit":89,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":110,"co2Requirement":111,"growthRate":110,"verificationTags":251,"lastVerifiedAt":27,"lastVerifierName":89,"verificationCount":227,"hasRefetchTag":157},2974,"AQSP002394","四叶幸运草","Marsilea crenata",10500,"原产于东南亚及大洋洲的多年生水生蕨类，水下叶四裂如四叶草，高度通常仅 2-10 cm，靠匍匐茎蔓延成前景地毯；适宜 20-28℃、pH 5.5-7.5，不添加 CO2 也能生长，是中小型草缸的常见前景草。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2889\u002FAQSP002394_07b188d463.jpg","20.00-28.00 C","5.50-7.50","2.00-10.00 cm","FOREGROUND","通过根系和叶片吸收养分，定期添加含氮磷钾及微量元素的液肥或根肥。",[245,246,247,248,249,250],"四叶草水草","幸运草水草","水族四叶草","澳洲四叶草","矮四叶苹","迷你四叶草",[],{"id":253,"speciesCode":254,"canonicalNameZh":22,"scientificName":255,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":256,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":257,"thumbnailUrl":258,"temperatureRange":239,"phRange":259,"sizeRange":260,"careDifficulty":84,"plantPlacement":242,"diet":85,"temperament":86,"feedingNotes":261,"aliases":262,"minimumTankL":112,"ghRange":89,"khRange":265,"lifespanRange":89,"priceRange":89,"priceUnit":89,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":266,"co2Requirement":111,"growthRate":110,"verificationTags":267,"lastVerifiedAt":27,"lastVerifierName":89,"verificationCount":227,"hasRefetchTag":157},1324,"AQSP001159","Marsilea hirsuta",233,"田字草（Marsilea hirsuta）是水族造景中常见的淡水水草，常用于前景。适合低技术前景，成景慢但稳定，外观随水上\u002F水下状态变化。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F1324\u002Fbaike-overview-species-1324-30844b2456.jpg","6.00-7.50","5.00-20.00 cm","水草通过光合作用生长，不需要投喂；保持稳定光照、基础肥力和水流即可。",[263,264],"Dwarf four leaf clover","澳洲田字草","2.00-10.00","LOW",[],{"id":269,"speciesCode":270,"canonicalNameZh":271,"scientificName":272,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":273,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":274,"thumbnailUrl":275,"temperatureRange":239,"phRange":240,"sizeRange":276,"careDifficulty":277,"plantPlacement":242,"diet":85,"temperament":86,"feedingNotes":278,"aliases":279,"minimumTankL":89,"ghRange":89,"khRange":89,"lifespanRange":89,"priceRange":89,"priceUnit":89,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":110,"co2Requirement":111,"growthRate":110,"verificationTags":283,"lastVerifiedAt":27,"lastVerifierName":89,"verificationCount":227,"hasRefetchTag":157},2408,"AQSP001828","迷你田字草","Marsilea minuta",10014,"亚洲原产的微型水生蕨类，常生于稻田等浅水环境。叶片四枚楔形小叶呈“田”字排列，水中叶宽通常不超过0.5 cm，靠匍匐茎形成1-3 cm高的致密地毯，是前景草皮的热门选择。耐弱光与高温，中等光照并添加CO2时状态更佳。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2323\u002FAQSP001828_f4693ba48c.jpg","3.00-5.00 cm","MODERATE","通过根系和叶片吸收养分；每周添加1-2次综合液肥，缺铁或钾时新叶易发黄，可额外补充铁、钾肥。忌过量施肥，以免藻类暴发。",[280,281,280,282,23,250],"小田字草","四叶田字草","汤匙萍",[],{"id":285,"speciesCode":286,"canonicalNameZh":287,"scientificName":288,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":289,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":290,"thumbnailUrl":291,"temperatureRange":239,"phRange":240,"sizeRange":276,"careDifficulty":84,"plantPlacement":292,"diet":85,"temperament":86,"feedingNotes":293,"aliases":294,"minimumTankL":89,"ghRange":89,"khRange":89,"lifespanRange":89,"priceRange":89,"priceUnit":89,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":266,"co2Requirement":111,"growthRate":110,"verificationTags":300,"lastVerifiedAt":27,"lastVerifierName":89,"verificationCount":227,"hasRefetchTag":157},2412,"AQSP001832","迷你槐叶萍","Salvinia minima",10018,"迷你槐叶萍（Salvinia minima）是原产美洲热带和亚热带的小型浮水蕨类，叶长1-3厘米，株高3-5厘米。低光即可生长，无需CO2，能快速覆盖水面、遮光防藻，适合开放缸。缺素时叶片变黄，是观察营养状况的指示植物。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F2327\u002FAQSP001832_ba3e75ed84.jpg","FLOATING","通过根系和叶片吸收水体中的氮、磷及微量元素；生长旺盛期每周添加全效液肥，缺素时叶色变黄。",[295,296,297,295,298,299],"小槐叶萍","南美槐叶萍","小叶槐叶萍","槐叶萍","水浮萍",[],{"id":302,"speciesCode":303,"canonicalNameZh":298,"scientificName":304,"organismGroup":8,"aquariumCategory":9,"commonnessRank":305,"dataStatus":13,"active":15,"summary":306,"thumbnailUrl":307,"temperatureRange":239,"phRange":259,"sizeRange":89,"careDifficulty":84,"plantPlacement":292,"diet":85,"temperament":86,"feedingNotes":261,"aliases":308,"minimumTankL":112,"ghRange":89,"khRange":265,"lifespanRange":89,"priceRange":89,"priceUnit":89,"dataCompleteness":14,"hasCareGuide":15,"lightRequirement":110,"co2Requirement":310,"growthRate":110,"verificationTags":311,"lastVerifiedAt":27,"lastVerifierName":89,"verificationCount":227,"hasRefetchTag":157},1378,"AQSP001213","Salvinia natans",239,"槐叶萍（Salvinia natans）是水族造景中常见的淡水水草，常用于浮水区。成对小叶漂浮，适合弱光遮蔽和吸肥。","https:\u002F\u002Faquatic-media.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fspecies\u002F1378\u002Fbaike-overview-species-1378-141d4a878c.jpg",[309],"Floating fern","RECOMMENDED",[],"zh-CN",[312],{"missingFields":315,"translatedFields":316,"locale":312,"totalFields":316,"status":317},"0","19","COMPLETE","2026-10-04 00:45:06"]